NURS 5334 COPD Case study

5334 CASE SUMMARY TABLE  Symptoms: List two pertinent signs and symptoms or risk factors  The risk factors associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are: smoking (including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and second-hand smoke inhalation); environmental and/or occupational vapor, dust, or fume inhalation; poorly ventilated dwellings causing fumes to accumulate from cooking and heating; outdoor pollution; any factor which affects lung development either before or after birth including respiratory infections and low birth weight; genetic factors have also been identified making some individuals predisposed to the development of COPD (Brashers & Huether, 2014, p. ). This patient presents with chronic bronchitis x 8 years, a family history of COPD, and a 40 pack-year history of smoking with a temporary period of cessation but continuation of smoking approximately 6 cigarettes daily at this time.  The symptoms of COPD represented in the patient are: decreased exercise intolerance, shortness of breath, chronic productive cough, diminished breath sounds, reduced forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), decreased forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1: FVC ratio of 66%. According to Wells, et al., 2017, the trademark sign of COPD is FEV1: FVC ratio < 70% (p. 860).  Recommended Drugs: List three recommended drugs as indicated for this diagnosis 1. Tiotropium Bromide (Spiriva) (Lexicomp, 2017, p. 2184) 2. Albuterol (ProAir HFA) (Lexicomp, 2017, p. 78) 3. Theophylline (Elixophyllin) (Lexicomp, 2017, p. 2162)  Drug Categories and Subcategories: Identify the category of each recommended drug 1. Tiotropium Bromide (Spiriva) Category: Long acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA); Subcategory: Synthetic quaternary ammonium compound (Vallerand, Sanoski, & Deglin, 2013, p. 1224) 2. Albuterol (Proventil HFA) Category: Beta2 Agonist; Subcategory: Bronchodilator (Lexicomp, 2017, p. 80) 3. Theophylline (Elixophyllin) Category: Nonselective Phosphodiesterase Enzyme Inhibitor; Subcategory: Bronchodilator (Lexicomp, 2017, p. 2162) Choose one from the above three recommended drugs to treat identified disease