Exam (elaborations) Adult health- respiratory

Adult health; Exam 1; respiratory Upper Respiratory tract Warms and filters air Lower respiratory tract Gas exchange and diffusion Upper respiratory tract Nose paranasal sinuses pharynx tonils and adenoids Larynx Trachea Sinuses 4 Frontal ethmoid sphenoid maxillary Pharynx Throat; divided into nasal, oral and laryngeal Tonsils and adenoids guard the body from invasion by organisms entering the throat or mouth Larynx Voice box; epiglottis, thyroid cartilage and vocal cords Trachea Windpipe; Mediastinum contains tissue outside of lungs; heart, thymus, aorta, vena cava and esophagus O2 room air 21% Chest Percussion Thick secretions may be loosened by percussing or tapping the chest Rhinitis "Runny nose" due to allergies, seasonal, chemical irritants. an contribute to sinus, ear and sleep problems. Treatment: antihistamines and glucocorticoids nasal spray) Viral Rhinitis "common cold" sore throat, general malaise. muscle aches. Treatment: NSAIDS, salt water gargle. Rhinosinusitis inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. Acute: 4 weeks. Subacute 4-12 weeks chronic 12 weeks. s/s: nasal drainage, facial pain, fever. treatment: antibiotics Pharyngitis "Sore Throat" s/s: Fiery red tonsils Lymphoid follicles that are swollen and white exudate fever, cervial lymph nodes 7-14 days antibiotics Tonisitis and adenoiditis less common, dysphagia, snoring, ear ache, mouth breathing, voice impairment, Peritonsillar abcess "Quinsy" Collection of purulent exudate between the tonsillar capsule and surrounding tissues. LIFE THREATENING. inability to open mouth. medical emergency Laryngitis inflammation of the larynx. voice abuse, hoarseness, severe cough, Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction; cessation of breathing during sleep. s/s: waking abruptly with loud snore; cessation longer than 10 secs Epistaxis Nosebleed; caused by tiny vessels in the mucous membrane Laryngeal obstruction Lower O2 stats, edema Atelectasis Affected lung becomes airless and alveoli collapses. s/s: Dyspnea, anxious, cough, sputum and difficulty breathing in supine position Acute Tracheobronchitis Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tree and trachea. s/s: Dry cough, night sweats, headache, general malaise. Pneumonia Inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by microbes. s/s: Chills, fever, pleuritic chest pain, nasal congestion, sore throat, blood tinged sputum. Complication: Shock and respiratory failure Different types of pneumonia CAP-Community acquired pneumonia- 48 hrs after hospitalization. HCAP- Health care associated pneumonia- nursing home HAP-hospital acquired pneumonia- 48 hrs after admission. VAP- ventilator acquired pneumonia- 48 hours after intubated Plueral Effusion fluid build up in plueral space; secondary to other infections. Complications of HF, TB, Pneumonia. s/s: Absent breath sounds decreased fremitus Aspiration inhalation of foreign material into lungs. Can cause pneumonia, and result in tachycardia, dyspnea, htn, hypotension. Sever Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) viral illness; TB infectious disease; can spread to kidneys, bones and lymph nodes. s/s: Low grade fever Cough Night sweats weight loss BCG vaccine PPD (Mantoux) determines if you have come into contact with Lung Abscess Necrosis of pulmonary parenchyma. S/S: Odor sputum Fever Cough Dyspnea Weakness Anorexia Weight loss Pleurisy Inflammation of both layers of the pleurae. Develops with other infections. Coughing/sneezing worsens pain. Treatment: NSAIDS Acute Respiratory Failure Deterioration of gas exchange and lung function. COPD, s/s: headache, dyspnea, restlessness, air hunger, tachycardia, high bp treatment: endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation. Pulmonary Hypertension Elevated pulmonary arterial pressure. (Right sided Heart failure) s/S: Substernal chest pain, dyspnea, crackles, distended neck vein, ascites. treatment: Diuretics, anticoagulants, Pulmonary embolism Obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches due to embolus (blood clot) s/s: Chest pain, anxiety, fever, tachycardia, dyspnea, Chronic Bronchitis Disease of the airway; presence of cough and sputum for 3 months for 2 years. Emphysema Impaired oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange results from destruction of the airspace. two types of emphysema 1.Panlobular and centrilobular