OB Final Exam 2022 (Answered) Verified Answers Graded A+

OB Final Exam 2022 (Answered) Verified Answers Graded A+ Presumptive pregnancy signs amenorrhea, fatigue, N/V, urinary frequency, breast chages, quickening,uterine enlargement Probable pregnancy signs abd enlargement hegar sign softening of the uterine Chadwick sign violet/bluish colored cervix goodell softening of the cervical tip ballottment rebound fetus braxton hicks, positive pregnancy test, fetal outline Positive pregnancy signs fetal heart tones, visualization on ultrasounds, fetal movement palpated from provider. Nageal's Rule he rule estimates the expected date of delivery (EDD) by adding a year, subtracting three months, and adding seven days to the origin of gestational age Discomfort of 1st trimester urinary frequency, incontinence, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, breast tenderness, constipation, nasal stuffiness, bleeding gums, cravings, leukorrhea. Discomfort of 2nd trimester backache, variscosities of the leg and vulva, hemorrhoids, flatulence with bloating Discomfort of 3rd trimester return of 1st trimester discomforts, SOB, dyspena, heartburn, dependent edema Amniocentisis amniotic fluid is aspirated from the sac- safety concerns are infection, loss of fetus, fetal needle injuries, done if chromosomal dna markers are abnormal, growth abnormalities indicated. done at 15-20 weeks. maternal risks: hemorrhage, fetomaternal hemorrhage, infection, contractions/labor, abruptio placentae, damage to intestines or bladder, amniotic fluid emoblism fetal risks: death, hemorrhage, infection, direct injury from the needle, miscarriage, and preterm, leakage of amniotic fluid Can trigger early labor - #1 reason why women refuse. Bleeding, transfer of Rh factor, infection, fetal distress. Biophysical profile (BPP) Used to assess intrauterine compromise. Done as follow up to ultrasound if there are fetal concerns. Late amniocentesis Done to detect lung maturity - for fetal viability- presence of surfactant Non-stress test Observing for acceleration of fetal heart rate with movement. Shows intact central and autonomic nervous systems. Non-stress test = Non-reactive BAD Non-stress test = Reactive GOOD Folic acid 600mg a day, reduces neural tube defects Molar pregnancy 1:1000 pregnancies 2 types: hydatiform mole & choriocarcinoma risk prior molar pregnancy teen or over 40 treat immediate evacuation (D&C) long term follow up and monitoring of serial HCG manifest similar to spontaneous abortions at 12 weeks, prune juice discharge Cervical insufficency premature dilation of the cervix cause unknown, use bed rest, pelvic rest, avoid heavy lifting, use a cervical cerclage risk short labors, prior preg loss, advance cervical dilation, pink tinged discharge continue surveillance Placental abruption painful DARK red bleeding boardlike, tender abd uterine hypertonicity, fetal distress, abd pain. risk previous abruption, HTN, smoking, trauma, cocaine/drug use management fetal monitoring, emergency surgery, replace blood Placental Previa The placenta attaches and grows, possibly covering the cervical os. painless vaginal bleeding that is BRIGHT RED soft uterus care Control of blood loss and blood replacement, surgery if cannot be stopped AVOID VAGINAL EXAMS Gestational Diabetes complications What it is: glucose intolerance that begins or is first recognized in pregnancy complications fetal hyperlgycemia and fetal hyperinsulinemia promotes storage of excess nutrients this is what results in macrosomia and delayed pulmonary maturation *Blood sugar normal abnormal is 140 mg/dL if it is over 200 mg/dL you treat it as diabetes* When to give Rhogam shots at 28 weeks and 72 hours of rh negative mother delivery of rh positive baby, and also any invasive procedure/ complication where placental and maternal blood cross. Ectopic pregnancy Ovum implants outside the uterus, due to an obstruction or slow passage of ovum through the tube. 1:50 pregnancies. risk tubal scarring, chlamydia, tubal surgery, infertility, previous fetal loss, previous ectopic, IUD, fibroid, tubal, smoker, progesterone hallmark sign abd pain w/ spotting within 6-8 weeks after missed period, signs of hemorrhage or shock management treat pain, education, surgery drugs methotrexate, actinomycin to shrink the embryo to allow passage. Bishop Score