WGU C785 Final Exam with All the Correct Answers

What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like? Correct Answer- amino group (NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alpha carbon (C), and variable group How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains: non-polar/hydrophobic, polar, and charged? Correct Answer- Non-polar/hydrophobic - end with CH or "can't have" water. Polar - end with OH, SH, or NH. Charged - end with a charge what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains make? Correct Answer- ionic, hydrophobic/non-polar, charged What are the 4 levels of protein structure? Correct Answer- Primary - linear structure, Secondary - Folded into helix or pleated sheet caused by hydrogen bonding, tertiary - 3D structure caused by side chain interactions, quaternary - 1+ amino acid chains combine = multiple subunits MUST have 1+ subunit What enviormental change breaks each type of bond? Correct Answer- hydrophobic - temperature change, ionic - salt or decreased pH, hydrogen - temperature, change in pH, disulfide - reducing agents what type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration? Correct Answer- hydrophobic bonds how do environmental changes affect protein folding? Correct Answer- Extreme temp can cause hydrogen bonds to break apart = malformation of protein folding how do mutations affect protein structure? Correct Answer- Can cause structure to change. Protein loses form = loses function. May form a different protein.