PYC4802 Eating
disorders 95%
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DO NOT COPY THIS ASSIGNMENT. USE AS A GUIDELINE WHEN COMPILING YOUR OWN ASSIGNMENT.
Contents
Part A: The Diagnostic Criteria and Hallmark Features of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Binge-
eating disorder.
Definitions of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-eating disorder.
DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria of Definitions of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-eating disorder -
compared.
Clinical picture of Definitions of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-eating disorder.
Conclusion.
Park B: Current views on the ‘immunity for eating disorders in our black females of South Africa.
References.
Articles: Eating disorders.
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PART A: The Diagnostic Criteria and Hallmark Features of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia
Nervosa and Binge-Eating Disorder
1. An introduction to eating disorders
Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Binge-eating disorder are subtypes of an
eating disorder. Eating disorders are described as ‘psychological disorders that centre
around issues of eating behaviour as well as body weight and shape’ (The Cambridge
Dictionary of Psychology, 2009, p. 173). The identification and diagnostics criteria are
standardised with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th Edition (DSM-5) under the
category of ‘Feeding and Eating Disorders’ (DSM-5, 2013, p. 329).
Eating disorders centre around an abnormal eating pattern when compared with
others, and an abnormal relationship with food. Anorexia Nervosa was thought to have a
sociocultural aetiology, with highest incidence related to Western cultures, and mostly
affecting middle to high income classes (Burke, 2014, pp. 411-413). The past two decades
have seen a shift to understanding how developmental and biological factors contribute to
these disorders (Nasser, Katzman, & Gordon, 2000).
AN was originally viewed as woman’s disorder, caused by a dysfunctional family. By
the early 1970s Anorexia was noted and spoken about in the media, and the cluster of
symptoms were finally developed and recognised as a neurotic disorder. Nervosa was first
identified in the late 1970s, and shortly followed by the binge-eating disorder. The
aetiology of these diseases was thought to be sociocultural pressures to conform with an
ideal of being very thin. However, family and twin studies conducted in the 1990s showed a
link with genetics for all three eating disorders; Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and
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Binge-eating. Aetiology is thus multifactorial, and is a complex interaction of genetic
predisposition and environment (Collier & Treasure, 2004).
The ‘thinness ideal’ can be traced back to 1840s when Sylvester Graham, who was a
Presbyterian Minister, advocated that morality and health for women could be gained in a
bland abstinent diet. William Banting made it worse during the 1860s with his protein rich
diet. He equated being overweight with a physical disability and America responded an
anti-fat obsession. By the 1920s being overweight was reviled as it was a sign of being lazy,
and triggered disgust for people with even the smallest amount of surplus weight
(Wolchover, 2012 ).
Today, we find that cultures more recently exposed to ‘Westernised’ ideals are
reporting an increase in the frequency of these eating disorders. In the face of a strong local
and global political drive to understand the effect ‘Westernisation’ has had on the different
indigenous populations, the study of gene–environment interaction has all but fallen by the
wayside (Collier & Treasure, 2004).
2. Definitions of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-eating Disorder
Anorexia is not the same as Anorexia Nervosa in Psychiatric terms. Anorexia is used
to describe a loss of appetite, while Anorexia Nervosa describes as serious psychiatric
illness where the patient deliberately restricts the intake of food due to an intense fear of
being fat, despite being unhealthily underweight for their age, height and gender. Sufferers
may restrict the quantity of food eaten or restrict calories. Excessive exercise may be used
to burn calories consumed. Some sufferers purge food consumed by using laxatives,
enemas or self-induced vomiting (Nordqvist, 2015). While Bulimia Nervosa shares many
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Distribution of this document is illegal
disorders 95%
, Stuvia.com - The study-notes marketplace
DO NOT COPY THIS ASSIGNMENT. USE AS A GUIDELINE WHEN COMPILING YOUR OWN ASSIGNMENT.
Contents
Part A: The Diagnostic Criteria and Hallmark Features of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Binge-
eating disorder.
Definitions of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-eating disorder.
DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria of Definitions of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-eating disorder -
compared.
Clinical picture of Definitions of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-eating disorder.
Conclusion.
Park B: Current views on the ‘immunity for eating disorders in our black females of South Africa.
References.
Articles: Eating disorders.
Downloaded by: m|
Distribution of this document is illegal
, Stuvia.com - The study-notes marketplace
PART A: The Diagnostic Criteria and Hallmark Features of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia
Nervosa and Binge-Eating Disorder
1. An introduction to eating disorders
Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Binge-eating disorder are subtypes of an
eating disorder. Eating disorders are described as ‘psychological disorders that centre
around issues of eating behaviour as well as body weight and shape’ (The Cambridge
Dictionary of Psychology, 2009, p. 173). The identification and diagnostics criteria are
standardised with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th Edition (DSM-5) under the
category of ‘Feeding and Eating Disorders’ (DSM-5, 2013, p. 329).
Eating disorders centre around an abnormal eating pattern when compared with
others, and an abnormal relationship with food. Anorexia Nervosa was thought to have a
sociocultural aetiology, with highest incidence related to Western cultures, and mostly
affecting middle to high income classes (Burke, 2014, pp. 411-413). The past two decades
have seen a shift to understanding how developmental and biological factors contribute to
these disorders (Nasser, Katzman, & Gordon, 2000).
AN was originally viewed as woman’s disorder, caused by a dysfunctional family. By
the early 1970s Anorexia was noted and spoken about in the media, and the cluster of
symptoms were finally developed and recognised as a neurotic disorder. Nervosa was first
identified in the late 1970s, and shortly followed by the binge-eating disorder. The
aetiology of these diseases was thought to be sociocultural pressures to conform with an
ideal of being very thin. However, family and twin studies conducted in the 1990s showed a
link with genetics for all three eating disorders; Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and
Downloaded by: m|
Distribution of this document is illegal
, Stuvia.com - The study-notes marketplace
Binge-eating. Aetiology is thus multifactorial, and is a complex interaction of genetic
predisposition and environment (Collier & Treasure, 2004).
The ‘thinness ideal’ can be traced back to 1840s when Sylvester Graham, who was a
Presbyterian Minister, advocated that morality and health for women could be gained in a
bland abstinent diet. William Banting made it worse during the 1860s with his protein rich
diet. He equated being overweight with a physical disability and America responded an
anti-fat obsession. By the 1920s being overweight was reviled as it was a sign of being lazy,
and triggered disgust for people with even the smallest amount of surplus weight
(Wolchover, 2012 ).
Today, we find that cultures more recently exposed to ‘Westernised’ ideals are
reporting an increase in the frequency of these eating disorders. In the face of a strong local
and global political drive to understand the effect ‘Westernisation’ has had on the different
indigenous populations, the study of gene–environment interaction has all but fallen by the
wayside (Collier & Treasure, 2004).
2. Definitions of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-eating Disorder
Anorexia is not the same as Anorexia Nervosa in Psychiatric terms. Anorexia is used
to describe a loss of appetite, while Anorexia Nervosa describes as serious psychiatric
illness where the patient deliberately restricts the intake of food due to an intense fear of
being fat, despite being unhealthily underweight for their age, height and gender. Sufferers
may restrict the quantity of food eaten or restrict calories. Excessive exercise may be used
to burn calories consumed. Some sufferers purge food consumed by using laxatives,
enemas or self-induced vomiting (Nordqvist, 2015). While Bulimia Nervosa shares many
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