1
,Table of Contents
10. TYPES OF BAIL .............................................................................................................................. 5
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 5
TYPES OF BAIL .................................................................................................................................... 6
S59 POLICE BAIL ........................................................................................................................................ 6
S59A PROSECUTOR BAIL ............................................................................................................................. 6
S50(6) BAIL APPLICATION IN COURT ............................................................................................................ 7
BAIL AND JURISDICTION OF COURTS ........................................................................................................ 7
RISK AND FACTORS RELATING TO BAIL APPLICATIONS ................................................................................. 7
S60(4) WHEN IS THE REFUSAL OF BAIL IN THE INTEREST OF JUSTICE? ................................................................. 7
BAIL AMOUNT ........................................................................................................................................... 8
BAIL CONDITIONS....................................................................................................................................... 9
CANCELLATION OF BAIL AND FORFEITURE OF BAIL MONEY ........................................................................... 9
PROCEDURAL AND EVIDENTIARY MATTERS ................................................................................................ 9
BURDEN OF PROOF ................................................................................................................................... 10
ALTERNATE TO BAIL ........................................................................................................................... 10
11.PRE-TRIAL EXAMINATIONS ............................................................................................................. 11
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 11
PLEA IN MAGISTRATES COURT ON A CHARGE JUSTICIABLE IN THE REGIONAL COURT ............................................. 11
PLEA IN MAGISTRATES COURT ON A CHARGE JUSTICIABLE IN THE HC ................................................................ 11
PREPARATORY EXAMINATIONS ................................................................................................................... 11
POWERS OF THE DPP AFTER CONCLUSION OF THE PREPARATORY EXAMINATION ................................................ 12
12. INDICTMENTS AND CHARGE SHEETS ................................................................................................. 13
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 13
HIGH COURTS .......................................................................................................................................... 13
LOWER COURTS ....................................................................................................................................... 13
FORM AND SUBSTANCE: ..................................................................................................................... 13
EXCEPTIONS, EXEMPTIONS, PROVISOS, EXCUSES, QUALIFICATIONS ................................................................... 14
OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE PARTICULARS ................................................................................................. 14
DEFECT IN INDICTMENT/CHARGE .......................................................................................................... 14
SPLITTING OF CHARGES OR DUPLICATION OF CONVICTIONS ......................................................................... 16
JOINDER OF SEVERAL ACCUSED ................................................................................................................... 17
13.TRIAL COURTS ............................................................................................................................. 18
S V MBATHA.................................................................................................................................... 18
S V LE GRANGE................................................................................................................................. 18
2
,VENUE OF THE TRIAL COURTS ............................................................................................................... 18
DECISIONS OF THE TRIAL COURTS .......................................................................................................... 18
LOWER COURTS: ...................................................................................................................................... 18
DIVISIONS OF THE HC ............................................................................................................................... 18
RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF ASSESSORS ............................................................................................................. 19
RECUSAL ......................................................................................................................................... 19
TRIAL BY JURY HAS BEEN REPEALED ............................................................................................................. 20
IMPARTIALITY AND FAIRNESS ............................................................................................................... 20
FAIRNESS TO THE ACCUSED ........................................................................................................................ 21
14. ARRAIGNMENT AND PLEA ............................................................................................................. 22
A. PLEA AND SENTENCE AGREEMENTS ................................................................................................... 22
B. ARRAIGNMENT: ............................................................................................................................ 24
C. DIFFERENT PLEAS S106 .................................................................................................................. 25
I. GUILTY .............................................................................................................................................. 25
II. NOT GUILTY....................................................................................................................................... 25
III. AUTREFOIS ACQUIT AND CONVICT ....................................................................................................... 27
15. MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS RELATING TO THE TRIAL ............................................................................ 29
SPEEDY TRIAL ................................................................................................................................... 29
WITNESSES...................................................................................................................................... 30
OPEN JUSTICE .................................................................................................................................. 30
TRIAL OF MENTALLY ABNORMAL PERSONS .................................................................................................... 31
ADJOURNMENT ................................................................................................................................ 31
17. COURSE OF THE TRIAL .................................................................................................................. 32
DISCHARGE OF ACCUSED AT THE CLOSE OF THE STATE'S CASE: .......................................................................... 32
18.THE VERDICT............................................................................................................................... 34
COMPETENT VERDICTS .............................................................................................................................. 34
SELECTED EXAMPLES: ................................................................................................................................ 35
AMENDMENT OF THE VERDICT:................................................................................................................... 35
19.SENTENCING ............................................................................................................................... 37
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 37
THE SENTENCE DISCRETION ................................................................................................................. 37
THEORIES OF PUNISHMENT ........................................................................................................................ 38
ADVANTAGE OF DISCRETION ...................................................................................................................... 38
3
, THE ACCUSED AND SENTENCING: ................................................................................................................ 40
MINIMUM SENTENCING ..................................................................................................................... 40
DEVIANCE FROM MINIMUM SENTENCE: ....................................................................................................... 41
FORMER JUSTICE (AND CURRENT CHANCELLOR OF SU) CAMERON ON MINIMUM SENTENCING: .......................... 42
SENTENCING CHILDREN ...................................................................................................................... 42
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN APPEAL AND REVIEW ................................................................................................. 45
REVIEW: ................................................................................................................................................. 45
CATEGORIES OF REVIEW PROCEDURE: .......................................................................................................... 45
4
,Table of Contents
10. TYPES OF BAIL .............................................................................................................................. 5
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 5
TYPES OF BAIL .................................................................................................................................... 6
S59 POLICE BAIL ........................................................................................................................................ 6
S59A PROSECUTOR BAIL ............................................................................................................................. 6
S50(6) BAIL APPLICATION IN COURT ............................................................................................................ 7
BAIL AND JURISDICTION OF COURTS ........................................................................................................ 7
RISK AND FACTORS RELATING TO BAIL APPLICATIONS ................................................................................. 7
S60(4) WHEN IS THE REFUSAL OF BAIL IN THE INTEREST OF JUSTICE? ................................................................. 7
BAIL AMOUNT ........................................................................................................................................... 8
BAIL CONDITIONS....................................................................................................................................... 9
CANCELLATION OF BAIL AND FORFEITURE OF BAIL MONEY ........................................................................... 9
PROCEDURAL AND EVIDENTIARY MATTERS ................................................................................................ 9
BURDEN OF PROOF ................................................................................................................................... 10
ALTERNATE TO BAIL ........................................................................................................................... 10
11.PRE-TRIAL EXAMINATIONS ............................................................................................................. 11
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 11
PLEA IN MAGISTRATES COURT ON A CHARGE JUSTICIABLE IN THE REGIONAL COURT ............................................. 11
PLEA IN MAGISTRATES COURT ON A CHARGE JUSTICIABLE IN THE HC ................................................................ 11
PREPARATORY EXAMINATIONS ................................................................................................................... 11
POWERS OF THE DPP AFTER CONCLUSION OF THE PREPARATORY EXAMINATION ................................................ 12
12. INDICTMENTS AND CHARGE SHEETS ................................................................................................. 13
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 13
HIGH COURTS .......................................................................................................................................... 13
LOWER COURTS ....................................................................................................................................... 13
FORM AND SUBSTANCE: ..................................................................................................................... 13
EXCEPTIONS, EXEMPTIONS, PROVISOS, EXCUSES, QUALIFICATIONS ................................................................... 14
OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE PARTICULARS ................................................................................................. 14
DEFECT IN INDICTMENT/CHARGE .......................................................................................................... 14
SPLITTING OF CHARGES OR DUPLICATION OF CONVICTIONS ......................................................................... 16
JOINDER OF SEVERAL ACCUSED ................................................................................................................... 17
13.TRIAL COURTS ............................................................................................................................. 18
S V MBATHA.................................................................................................................................... 18
S V LE GRANGE................................................................................................................................. 18
2
,VENUE OF THE TRIAL COURTS ............................................................................................................... 18
DECISIONS OF THE TRIAL COURTS .......................................................................................................... 18
LOWER COURTS: ...................................................................................................................................... 18
DIVISIONS OF THE HC ............................................................................................................................... 18
RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF ASSESSORS ............................................................................................................. 19
RECUSAL ......................................................................................................................................... 19
TRIAL BY JURY HAS BEEN REPEALED ............................................................................................................. 20
IMPARTIALITY AND FAIRNESS ............................................................................................................... 20
FAIRNESS TO THE ACCUSED ........................................................................................................................ 21
14. ARRAIGNMENT AND PLEA ............................................................................................................. 22
A. PLEA AND SENTENCE AGREEMENTS ................................................................................................... 22
B. ARRAIGNMENT: ............................................................................................................................ 24
C. DIFFERENT PLEAS S106 .................................................................................................................. 25
I. GUILTY .............................................................................................................................................. 25
II. NOT GUILTY....................................................................................................................................... 25
III. AUTREFOIS ACQUIT AND CONVICT ....................................................................................................... 27
15. MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS RELATING TO THE TRIAL ............................................................................ 29
SPEEDY TRIAL ................................................................................................................................... 29
WITNESSES...................................................................................................................................... 30
OPEN JUSTICE .................................................................................................................................. 30
TRIAL OF MENTALLY ABNORMAL PERSONS .................................................................................................... 31
ADJOURNMENT ................................................................................................................................ 31
17. COURSE OF THE TRIAL .................................................................................................................. 32
DISCHARGE OF ACCUSED AT THE CLOSE OF THE STATE'S CASE: .......................................................................... 32
18.THE VERDICT............................................................................................................................... 34
COMPETENT VERDICTS .............................................................................................................................. 34
SELECTED EXAMPLES: ................................................................................................................................ 35
AMENDMENT OF THE VERDICT:................................................................................................................... 35
19.SENTENCING ............................................................................................................................... 37
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 37
THE SENTENCE DISCRETION ................................................................................................................. 37
THEORIES OF PUNISHMENT ........................................................................................................................ 38
ADVANTAGE OF DISCRETION ...................................................................................................................... 38
3
, THE ACCUSED AND SENTENCING: ................................................................................................................ 40
MINIMUM SENTENCING ..................................................................................................................... 40
DEVIANCE FROM MINIMUM SENTENCE: ....................................................................................................... 41
FORMER JUSTICE (AND CURRENT CHANCELLOR OF SU) CAMERON ON MINIMUM SENTENCING: .......................... 42
SENTENCING CHILDREN ...................................................................................................................... 42
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN APPEAL AND REVIEW ................................................................................................. 45
REVIEW: ................................................................................................................................................. 45
CATEGORIES OF REVIEW PROCEDURE: .......................................................................................................... 45
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