NUR 503 Exam1 Study Guide 2022/2023

Community health - ANSWER identification of needs and the protection and improvement of collective health within a geographically defined area Characteristics and History of Community/Public Health - ANSWER Field of nursing with a shift from individual to aggregate Combines nursing science with public health science - Community based and population focused, Public health sciences and nursing theory Focus on population-level outcomes Emphasis on prevention Public health - ANSWER activities that society undertakes to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy Public health nursing - ANSWER nursing that is community based and, most importantly, it is population focused Community/ Public health nursing is - ANSWER The practice is population -focused, with the goals of promoting health and preventing disease and disability for all people through the creation of conditions in which people can be healthy." the practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from the nursing, social, and public health sciences Lillian Wald - ANSWER First to use the term "Public Health Nursing", Teachers College, National Organization for Public Health Nursing, She developed Henry Street Settlement ** Developed playgrounds, health care, home visits. Founder of Public Health Nursing in the U.S. Living and working in the neighborhood (Required to live in the neighborhood) No discrimination based on race or gender 10c fee Seeking to educate as well as care Born in Cincinnati in 1867 and had a happy childhood here. She was inspired by the care that her sister received from a nurse during her pregnancy. When her family moved to New York City, she entered nursing school there. _________ remained active in may causes throughout her life, including opposition to U.S. entry into wars. She died in 1940 Her new model came to be known as the Settlement Movement. It involved not just visiting the sick poor, but nurses living in their neighborhoods themselves. A wealthy benefactor provided the funds for them, thinking Wald was "either crazy or a genius" Five years later, there were 15 nurses there and they were receiving funding from the NYC Board of Health. Among them was a group of 3 nurses, the first in the nation hired to document and report cases of TB. Florence Nightingale - ANSWER Born 1820 to wealthy parents, ___________ wants to be a nurse (of all things); she leaves England to train in Kaiserwerth, Germany 1851 (with Lutheran Deaconesses) Through her family's connections to people in the War Department, she was given commission to go to Turkey where the British were involved in the Crimean War. In 1854 she and 38 nurses arrived in Turkey, just opposite Constantinople/Istanbul to take charge of the hospital at Scutari. She put into effect, and tirelessly supervised, new sanitation methods for which she is remembered. Her health measures are: Victorian ethic: Managing the environment, putting the patient in the best circumstance for nature to act upon them. Nurses as teachers, advocates. Lina Rogers - ANSWER first school nurse, 1902, NYC 20% of New York City children were absent from school on any given day due to ringworm, scabies, head lice, eye inflammation, ear discharge, wounds. But their schools chums would just go home and play with them anyway! So they began school nursing from Henry Street, helping children stay in school and stay healthier. By 1911 there were 150 school nurses in NYC. In the summer of 1908, Supt. _____________ and Dr. Sara Baker sent the school nurses out to do home visits with moms and newborns; there were 1200 fewer infant deaths that summer in NYC than the year before. Margaret Sanger - ANSWER The Comstock Act of 1873 Birth control information First birth control clinic in America International Planned Parenthood Federation National League of Nursing Education The first collegiate public health nursing program Visiting Nurses Association Frontier Nursing Service Public Health Nursing (1900 to 1970) the key characteristics of community/public health nursing is - ANSWER focus: populations, communities, aggregates Focus - ANSWER Maintaining and improving the health of entire populations,communities, and aggregates through action on a national level Population - ANSWER All people occupying an area or all of those who share one or more characteristics People not necessarily interacting with one another; not necessarily sharing a sense of belonging to that group Aggregate - ANSWER Mass or grouping of individuals considered as a whole Loosely associated with one another broad definition of health - ANSWER holistic state of well-being including soundness of mind, body, and spirit Social justice - ANSWER justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and priviledges within a society distributive justice - ANSWER concept that addresses the ownership of goods in a society - it assumes that there is a large amount of fairness in the distribution of goods Primary Prevention - ANSWER ___________________ is the priority, Prevent disease before or injury before it ever occurs Legislation and enforcement to ban or control the use of hazardous products or to mandate safe and healthy practices (e.g. use of seatbelts and bike helmets) ● Education about healthy and safe habits (eating well, exercising regularly, not smoking) ● Immunization against infectious diseases Upstream thinking - ANSWER thinking about the root cause of problems with the community and/or health. Looking beyond the individual Proactive thinking that finds the root cause of a problem to prevent a problem from even occuring - ANSWER Those with a greater-than-average risk of developing health problems by virtue of their marginalized sociocultural status, their limited access to economic resources, or their personal characteristics such as age and gender." - Pregnant women, developmental disability, immigrants/migrants, people in poverty Poor, Disabled, ethnic / racial minorities, LGBT, elderly, children prisioners Advocacy - ANSWER Pleader of the client's cause or actor on behalf of the client, Support the client's self-determination and independence, Make the system responsive and relevant to the client's needs