nr_507_pathophysiology_final_exam_study_guide_.pdf

nr_507_pathophysiology_final_exam_study_guide_.pdf Endometrial cycle and occurrence of ovulation Manifestation of female reproductive functioning is menstrual bleeding, which starts with menarche (1st period) and ends with menopause (cessation of menstrual flow for 1 year). Average age of menarche is 12 with a range of 9-17. Appears to be r/t body weight, especially body fat ratio. At first cycles are anovulatory and vary from 10-60 days or . Then in adulthood range form 25-35 days. Length varies considerably. Cycle and regular ovulation are dependent on • The activity of gonadostat • Initial pituitary secretion of gonadotropin FSH • Estrogen positive feedback for the preovulatory FSH and LH surge, oocyte maturation, and corpus luteum formation and production of progesterone. The average menstrual cycle lasts 27 to 30 days and consists of three phases, which are named for ovarian and endometrial changes: the follicular/proliferative phase, the luteal/secretory phase, and the ischemic/menstrual phase. Phase 1-is the follicular phase in which begins on day one of one’s menstrual cycle. It lasts until about day 14. -In phase 1 the endometrium grows to form a lush lining inside of the uterus. Phase 2: Luteal phase-this is where the body secretes the hormones estrogen and progesterone. -These hormones work together to prepare the lining of the uterus for implantation. -This last for 12 days. Phase 3: Menstrual phase-The estrogen and progesterone start to decline and the endometrial lining begins to shed. This lasts for 3-5 days and the process restarts. Ovulation -Release of ovum -Present at the beginning of the luteal/secretory phase. -The ovarian follicle begins to transform into the corpus luteum. -Pulsatile secretion of the LH from the anterior pituitary stimulates the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone. -This will initiate the secretory phase of endometrial development. -Glands and blood vessels in t