LANGUAGE STUDY GUIDE

LANGUAGE STUDY GUIDE ENGLISH & LANGUAGE Section: V-Verb S-Subject HV-Helping Verb MV-Main Verb VP-Verb Phrase SV-Singular Verb PV-Plural Verb LV- Linking Verb CLAUSE- A group of related words that do have a Subject & a Verb EXAMPLE of Clauses: The ball flew over the fence. S V Wanda ran home and played in the yard. S V Although I jumped over the hurdles……. S V PHRASE- Lack a subject & predicate (verb) VERB PHRASES- A group of words working together to create the verb. Consist of a helping verb(s) and a main verb. [Helping Verb(s) + Main Verb]= Verb Phrase ***helping verb “helps” the main verb to complete a verb phrase*** Common helping verbs “To be” “to do” “to have” modals Am, are, is do have could, would, should Was, were does has may, might, must Be, been did had can, will, shall VP EXAMPLE: Dana [was sleeping] on the couch. HV MV VP Dana [might have been sleeping] on the couch. HV HV HV MV A VERB PHRASE CAN BE INTERRUPTED BY AN ADVERB. EXAMPLE: Arnav was preparing for his test. Stuvia Arnav was not preparing for his test. Arnav was eagerly preparing for his test. Arnav was not eagerly preparing for his test. ADVERB- Modifies a verb, adjective, another adverb, determiner, noun phrase, clause, or sentence. LINKING VERBS-Linking verbs connect the subject of the verb to additional information about the subject (or state of being). A linking verb is a verb that links (connects) the subject of the sentence to information about that subject. Linking verbs include the verbs: be, become, and seem. Examples: He is a minister. She seems very nice. The night became darker. EXAMPLE: Jermaine was washing his car. S LV V Fahim may have arrived this morning. S LV LV V Rachel could have been practicing in the backyard. S LV LV LV V Present Tense Past Tense I am we are I was we were You are you (y’all) are you (y’all) were you (y’all) were He is, she is, it is they are he was, she was, it was were VERB- Action in a sentence or state-of-being. COMPOUND PREDICATES/ VERBS- 2 or more Predicates (verbs) in a sentence EXAMPLE: Tyler read and studied. Tyler read, studied and slept. -A