EMT Review Package
Alexandra Hamilton
Smart Review
Topics:
1. Anatomy and Physiology
2. Vital Signs and History
3. Lifting and Moving Patients
4. Airway Management
5. CPR
6. Scene Size up
7. Initial and Ongoing Assessment
8. Trauma Assessment
9. Documentation
10. Communication
11. Bleeding and shock
12. Dressing and Bandaging
13. Musculoskeletal Injuries
14. Head and Spinal Injuries
15. Pharmacology
16. Respiratory Emergencies
17. Cardiac Emergencies
18. Diabetic and Altered Mental Status
19. Allergic Reactions
20. OBGYN
21. Infants and Children
22. Geriatrics
23. HAZMAT
24. Ambulance Operations
Alexandra
Hamilton
SmartReview
, Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy: study of the structure of form of living things
Physiology: normal functions of living organisms and their parts.
Knowledge of anatomy:
• Accurate patient assessment
• Locating body organs & systems
• Quality patient care.
Anatomical Position: best described as a person standing, facing forward with his palms
facing forward
• Medial: refers to a position closer to the midline
• Lateral: refers to a position farther away from the midline
• Proximal: nearer to the point of origin
• Distal: farther from the point of origin
• Anterior: nearer to/or at the front of the body
• Posterior: nearer to or at the back of the body
Abdominal Quadrants:
Alexandra
Hamilton
SmartReview
,Right Upper: liver, kidney, colon, pancreas &
gallbladder
Left Upper: liver, spleen, left kidney, stomach, colon,
pancreas
Right lower: right kidney, colon, small intestine, major
artery and vein to the right leg, ureter and appendix.
Left lower: left kidney, colon, small intestine, major
artery and vein to the left leg, ureter.
Supine
Someone in the supine position is lying on his or her back.
Prone
Someone in the prone position is lying face down
Right Lateral Recumbent
Patient is lying on their right side. *If injuries exist on left.
Left Lateral Recumbent (Recovery Position)
Patient is lying on their left side
Fowler's Position
Sitting straight up or leaning slightly back. Their legs may either be
straight or bent. 30-45 degree angle.
• Trouble breathing = 90 degree.
Trendelenberg Position
Lying supine with their head slightly lower than their feet.
• For patients that have lost a lot of fluid.
Alexandra
Hamilton
SmartReview
, Body Systems
Musculoskeletal System: Gives body shape, protects vital organs and provides for body
movement
Skull and Facial Bones:
• Skull: 22 bones: 8-Cranial 14-Facial
Spinal Column:
• Spine: contains 33 bones called vertebrae
Five sections:
o Cervical (7)-base of skull to beginning of chest
o Thoracic (12)- contains intact spinal cord and
has ribs (12) attached.
o Lumbar (5)
o Sacral (5)
o Coccygeal (4)
Skeletal system: 206 bones.
• Need to be able to identify:
• Spine: Skull, mandible, cervical/thoracic/
lumbar/sacral/coccyx spine, ribs.
• Arms: Hummers, radius, ulna, carpels, metacarpals, phalanges
• Pelvis: ilium, ischium, pubis, acetabulum (ball joint of femur fits into pelvis)
*in elderly patients-broken hip could lead to death.
• Legs: femur, tibia, fibula
• Foot: tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
• Shoulder: scapula, clavicle (collarbone)
Joints:
Ball and Socket: pelvis
Hinge: knees and elbows
• Capsule around joints in the shoulder, elbow, knee, hip and pelvis
• Cartilage: keeps bones from grinding against each other.
Muscle:
• Skeletal - voluntary.
o Attaches to bones.
o Responsible for movement/under conscious control
o Forms the major muscle mass of the body
o 700 skeletal muscles
• Cardiac- involuntary
o Found in the heart
o Has its own blood supply (coronary arteries)
o Contracts on its own (automaticity) via electrical impulses
• Smooth – involuntary
Alexandra
Hamilton
SmartReview
Alexandra Hamilton
Smart Review
Topics:
1. Anatomy and Physiology
2. Vital Signs and History
3. Lifting and Moving Patients
4. Airway Management
5. CPR
6. Scene Size up
7. Initial and Ongoing Assessment
8. Trauma Assessment
9. Documentation
10. Communication
11. Bleeding and shock
12. Dressing and Bandaging
13. Musculoskeletal Injuries
14. Head and Spinal Injuries
15. Pharmacology
16. Respiratory Emergencies
17. Cardiac Emergencies
18. Diabetic and Altered Mental Status
19. Allergic Reactions
20. OBGYN
21. Infants and Children
22. Geriatrics
23. HAZMAT
24. Ambulance Operations
Alexandra
Hamilton
SmartReview
, Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy: study of the structure of form of living things
Physiology: normal functions of living organisms and their parts.
Knowledge of anatomy:
• Accurate patient assessment
• Locating body organs & systems
• Quality patient care.
Anatomical Position: best described as a person standing, facing forward with his palms
facing forward
• Medial: refers to a position closer to the midline
• Lateral: refers to a position farther away from the midline
• Proximal: nearer to the point of origin
• Distal: farther from the point of origin
• Anterior: nearer to/or at the front of the body
• Posterior: nearer to or at the back of the body
Abdominal Quadrants:
Alexandra
Hamilton
SmartReview
,Right Upper: liver, kidney, colon, pancreas &
gallbladder
Left Upper: liver, spleen, left kidney, stomach, colon,
pancreas
Right lower: right kidney, colon, small intestine, major
artery and vein to the right leg, ureter and appendix.
Left lower: left kidney, colon, small intestine, major
artery and vein to the left leg, ureter.
Supine
Someone in the supine position is lying on his or her back.
Prone
Someone in the prone position is lying face down
Right Lateral Recumbent
Patient is lying on their right side. *If injuries exist on left.
Left Lateral Recumbent (Recovery Position)
Patient is lying on their left side
Fowler's Position
Sitting straight up or leaning slightly back. Their legs may either be
straight or bent. 30-45 degree angle.
• Trouble breathing = 90 degree.
Trendelenberg Position
Lying supine with their head slightly lower than their feet.
• For patients that have lost a lot of fluid.
Alexandra
Hamilton
SmartReview
, Body Systems
Musculoskeletal System: Gives body shape, protects vital organs and provides for body
movement
Skull and Facial Bones:
• Skull: 22 bones: 8-Cranial 14-Facial
Spinal Column:
• Spine: contains 33 bones called vertebrae
Five sections:
o Cervical (7)-base of skull to beginning of chest
o Thoracic (12)- contains intact spinal cord and
has ribs (12) attached.
o Lumbar (5)
o Sacral (5)
o Coccygeal (4)
Skeletal system: 206 bones.
• Need to be able to identify:
• Spine: Skull, mandible, cervical/thoracic/
lumbar/sacral/coccyx spine, ribs.
• Arms: Hummers, radius, ulna, carpels, metacarpals, phalanges
• Pelvis: ilium, ischium, pubis, acetabulum (ball joint of femur fits into pelvis)
*in elderly patients-broken hip could lead to death.
• Legs: femur, tibia, fibula
• Foot: tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
• Shoulder: scapula, clavicle (collarbone)
Joints:
Ball and Socket: pelvis
Hinge: knees and elbows
• Capsule around joints in the shoulder, elbow, knee, hip and pelvis
• Cartilage: keeps bones from grinding against each other.
Muscle:
• Skeletal - voluntary.
o Attaches to bones.
o Responsible for movement/under conscious control
o Forms the major muscle mass of the body
o 700 skeletal muscles
• Cardiac- involuntary
o Found in the heart
o Has its own blood supply (coronary arteries)
o Contracts on its own (automaticity) via electrical impulses
• Smooth – involuntary
Alexandra
Hamilton
SmartReview
