Phlebotomy National Exam Study Guide

Phlebotomy National Exam Study Guide OSHA - Occupational Safety & Health Administration What vaccination does OSHA require all health care personnel get? - OSHA requires that all health care personnel exposed to blood and other bodily fluids must receive a vaccination against Hepatitis B Pulmonary Edema - Fluid in the lungs How much blood can a person donate in a session? - 500 mL Patients have the right to what? - Under the Patient Bill Of Rights they always have the option to decline medical treatment and to know what tests are being performed on them. What can you NOT give a patient? - Results or a diagnosis. Because you are not medically qualified to do so. Negligence is? - Failure to give appropriate care. DON'T BE NEGLIGENT! PPE stands for? - Personal Protective Equipment One of the most important practices is? - Hand Washing is one of the most important (and easiest) practices used to prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens Needles should never be - recapped Sharps containers must be what? - puncture-resistant, leak proof on the sides and bottom and must be labeled or color-coded Types of Hazards - Biologic - Infectious agents that can cause bacterial, viral, fungal or parasitic infections Sharps - Needles, lancets and broken glass can puncture and cut, causing blood-borne pathogen exposure Chemical - Preservatives and chemicals used in the laboratory. Exposure to Toxin, Carcinogenic or caustic substances Fire or explosive - Bunsen burners, oxygen and chemicals can cause burns or dismemberment Physical - wet floors, heavy lifting ance cause falls, sprains and strains * ALLERGIC reaction ** - Latex sensitivity is a PHYSICAL reaction to care worker allergic reaction to the patient In infection control WHO is the agent? - Person In infection control WHAT is portal of exit? - Needle In infection control WHAT can we control? - Mode Of Transmission OR exit of infection In infection control WHAT is a portal of entry? - Mucus membrane In infection control WHO is a susceptible host? - Person Mode of Transmission - Specific ways in which microorganisms travel from the reservoir to the susceptible host Five main types or mode of transmission - contact - direct and indirect (fomite) Droplet - Cold, Flu and sneezing Airborne - viral - breath in common vehicle - person, fomite and not handwashing vector borne - illness that is transmitted through an invertebrate, such as an insect Mode of infection - the point in the infection chain where we aim at preventing the spread of infectious disease Standard precautions do what? - Infection control method designed to prevent direct contact with blood and other body fluids and tissues by using a barrier of protection and work control practices. What do we assume all patients to be? - Patients are presumed to be infective for blood-borne pathogens Standard precautions consist of what items? - Gloves - when collecting and handling body fluids, or tissue specimen Face shield - when danger of splashing on mucous membranes Disposal - dispose of all needles and sharp objects in puncture-proof containers, WITH OUT RECAPPING Disinfectants - clean fluid spills, thus killing pathogenic organisms Medical Asepsis - This condition is best defined as "the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms after they leave the body". It also involves environmental hygiene measures such as equipment cleaning and disinfection procedure