ASVAB Auto and Shop Information
2022
What does the Internal Combustion engine burn?
Mixture of Gas and Air (the fuel mixture)
What are the 4 strokes that make up a cycle? (in car engine)
>1. Intake >2. Compression >3. Power >4. Exhaust
This valve opens as the connecting rod pulls the piston down, drawing the gas/air mix into
the cylinder > Intake
The valves are closed. The connecting rod pushes the piston up, compressing gas/air mix
> Compression
The spar plug ignites the gas/air mix, forcing the piston down. That pushes down on the
connecting rod, turning the crankshaft; the crankshaft turns the flywheel, which keeps the
engine going >Power
The Exhaust valve opens as the connecting rod moves the piston back up, pushing out the
exploded gases. The valves are times, of course, using pus rods attached to the camshaft.
The name for cylinders that are arranged in one row > Inline
The name for cylinders that are arranged in two rows > V
Most people refer to engines as four-cycle engines but this is false; what are they really
called? > Four-stroke, one-cycle engine
Instrument in a vehicle the measures revolutions per minute; rpm
(e.g. when this displays 4,800 rpm, that means the engine is performing 4,800 cycles every
minute) > Tachometer
What must happen in order for the cycle to happen at all? Fuel must be properly mixed with
air and transported within the cylinder at the proper time
Carburetors are used (pre 1990) to mix the fuel and air mechanically. As air moves quickly
through this, it creates a vacuum, which draws more and more fuel into the mixture
___ have replaced carburetors on newer cars to perform the air/fuel mixture function.
> Fuel Injectors
The ___ acts as the fuel-dispensing nozzle. It injects liquid fuel directly in to the engine's air
stream. > Fuel Injector
(In almost all cases it requires an external pump)
EFI computer stands for ___? > Electronic Fuel Injection computer
, What does the EFI computer do?
Determines the amount of fuel entering the engine: receives information from the sensors in
the fuel, air, and exhaust system, and from that information, it determines how much fuel the
engine needs to operate at optimum levels
___ is mechanically connected to the carburetor OR is electronically connected to the EFI
computer > Throttle
What does a Throttle do?
Advancing (opening) the throttle causes more fuel to be transferred to the carburetor or the
fuel injectors. The accelerator (gas pedal) is connected to the throttle by mechanical linkages.
The harder you push on the gas pedal, the farther the throttle is advanced (opened). Thus,
more fuel is transported to the carburetor or fuel injectors.
What does the engine have because of the high temperature at which fuel burns? > Cooling
system
What are the 3 components of the engine's cooling system?
Water Jackets
Water Pump
Radiator
These surround the parts of the engine that reach the highest temperatures
(engine cooling system) > Water jackets
This circulates water through the water jackets (engine cooling system)
> Water Pump
While the water circulates, it absorbs heat from the engine and then passes through the ___,
where outside air cools the water. Radiator - (engine cooling system)
___ (a coolant) raises the boiling point of water (which keeps water from boiling away) and
lowers its freezing point (which keeps the system from freezing up during cold weather)
Antifreeze
___ is usually mixed with the water in an engine cooling system Antifreeze
A ___ circulates oil through the engine; oil flows through the crankshaft and connecting rods,
lubricating it as it goes. Oil Pump
Lubrication (from the oil pump) reduces ___, which in turn reduces ___.
Starter - An electric motor powered by the battery that starts the engine when you turn the
key >Friction & Heat
2022
What does the Internal Combustion engine burn?
Mixture of Gas and Air (the fuel mixture)
What are the 4 strokes that make up a cycle? (in car engine)
>1. Intake >2. Compression >3. Power >4. Exhaust
This valve opens as the connecting rod pulls the piston down, drawing the gas/air mix into
the cylinder > Intake
The valves are closed. The connecting rod pushes the piston up, compressing gas/air mix
> Compression
The spar plug ignites the gas/air mix, forcing the piston down. That pushes down on the
connecting rod, turning the crankshaft; the crankshaft turns the flywheel, which keeps the
engine going >Power
The Exhaust valve opens as the connecting rod moves the piston back up, pushing out the
exploded gases. The valves are times, of course, using pus rods attached to the camshaft.
The name for cylinders that are arranged in one row > Inline
The name for cylinders that are arranged in two rows > V
Most people refer to engines as four-cycle engines but this is false; what are they really
called? > Four-stroke, one-cycle engine
Instrument in a vehicle the measures revolutions per minute; rpm
(e.g. when this displays 4,800 rpm, that means the engine is performing 4,800 cycles every
minute) > Tachometer
What must happen in order for the cycle to happen at all? Fuel must be properly mixed with
air and transported within the cylinder at the proper time
Carburetors are used (pre 1990) to mix the fuel and air mechanically. As air moves quickly
through this, it creates a vacuum, which draws more and more fuel into the mixture
___ have replaced carburetors on newer cars to perform the air/fuel mixture function.
> Fuel Injectors
The ___ acts as the fuel-dispensing nozzle. It injects liquid fuel directly in to the engine's air
stream. > Fuel Injector
(In almost all cases it requires an external pump)
EFI computer stands for ___? > Electronic Fuel Injection computer
, What does the EFI computer do?
Determines the amount of fuel entering the engine: receives information from the sensors in
the fuel, air, and exhaust system, and from that information, it determines how much fuel the
engine needs to operate at optimum levels
___ is mechanically connected to the carburetor OR is electronically connected to the EFI
computer > Throttle
What does a Throttle do?
Advancing (opening) the throttle causes more fuel to be transferred to the carburetor or the
fuel injectors. The accelerator (gas pedal) is connected to the throttle by mechanical linkages.
The harder you push on the gas pedal, the farther the throttle is advanced (opened). Thus,
more fuel is transported to the carburetor or fuel injectors.
What does the engine have because of the high temperature at which fuel burns? > Cooling
system
What are the 3 components of the engine's cooling system?
Water Jackets
Water Pump
Radiator
These surround the parts of the engine that reach the highest temperatures
(engine cooling system) > Water jackets
This circulates water through the water jackets (engine cooling system)
> Water Pump
While the water circulates, it absorbs heat from the engine and then passes through the ___,
where outside air cools the water. Radiator - (engine cooling system)
___ (a coolant) raises the boiling point of water (which keeps water from boiling away) and
lowers its freezing point (which keeps the system from freezing up during cold weather)
Antifreeze
___ is usually mixed with the water in an engine cooling system Antifreeze
A ___ circulates oil through the engine; oil flows through the crankshaft and connecting rods,
lubricating it as it goes. Oil Pump
Lubrication (from the oil pump) reduces ___, which in turn reduces ___.
Starter - An electric motor powered by the battery that starts the engine when you turn the
key >Friction & Heat
