Summary Module 1 Complete Notes

,module one
cells and
major life processes

① lecture one →

classifying life on earth

0
PROPERTIES OF LIFE
:




D ordered
order organisms are
highly
→



→ within
every cell ,
atoms make up molecules , which make up cell components / organelles etc .




2) evolutionary adaptation →
adjustment / changes in behaviour,
physiology & structure of an

become more suited to an environment
organism to .




environment
eg pygmy
. seahorses camoflage into



3) regulation →

organisms require regulatory mechanisms to co ord internal
functioning
-




:

regulation of nutrient transfer
:
response to stimuli
ul environmental stress
:



coping
.




eg jack
. rabbit maintains
vessels in its
steady body temp by regulating blood flow
through ears .




4) energy processing
→
energy req . to comp metabolic processes .




eg photosynthesis
5) growth and development →
occurs according to instructions held in
genes .




a) reproduction →
sexual / asexual in order to create new
organisms
.




7) response to environment →

living things must respond to stimuli

eg sunflowers that towards
turn the sun .




eg
humans pull away from a
frame
.




0
VIRUSES
↳
genetic material ) wrapped (DNA / RNA in a protein coat .




↳ lack metabolic machinery necessary to reproduce / carry out metabolic activity w/out a

host .




chemicals
↳
something between +
living organisms .




°
LEVELS OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANISATION
life earth and all the places where
life exists
↳
biosphere all on
= .




particular non-living
=
w/ life
ecosystems living things incl which
↳ .

all in a area .


comps
interacts
eg
soil water, atmospheric gases +
light
.



,


communities
array of organisms living particular ecosystem
↳ =
in a .




individuals species living w/ in the bounds of
↳
populations all the of a
specified area
=
a

individual
↳
organisms =

living things .




body part that is made up of multiple tissues w/ specific functions
↳
organs a
=

.




↳ tissues
group of cells working together w/ specialized functioning
=
.




↳ cells
life's fundamental unit of structure + function
=
.




↳
↳
organelles various
molecules
functional components present in cells
chemical
=




= atoms
structure consisting of 2 or
.




more .

, 0 THREE DOMAINS OF LIFE
:




1) Domain Bacteria

group of prokaryotes
↳ most diverse



2) Domain Archaea
↳ prokaryotic

3) Domain EU Kanga =

eukaryotic organisms
↳
Kingdom plantae
↳
Kingdom fungi
Kingdom animalia
↳

↳
protists =
unicellular eukaryotes + simple multicellular relatives .




0 ORIGIN OF LIFE
earth 4,5 billion old
yrs
=
↳


↳ life world 3,9 billion years ago
life prokaryotes
early
•


•
cyanobacteria ( blue green algae) micro-organisms found in water
-



=




by product ( photosynthetic process)
↳ evolved and released 02 as a -




: .
02 accumulated in the atmosphere .




4) HOW DID LIFE ORIGINATE ?

④ PRIMORDIAL SOUP HYPOTHESIS
↳
oparin haldane theory
-




early atmosphere reducing / electron
adding atmosphere
•
=
-




could be
synthesized from simple molecules
•



organic compounds
↳
energy provided by lightning & ur
'
radiation
↳ '

early oceans
=
solution / soup
:
life arose out this of soup .




•
MILLER EXPERIMENT
mimic conditions on earth
↳ closed system early
simulate
water
flask primeval sea
° =




-




water heated
↳ some uapourieed and moved into 2nd flask '
second
flask
'
-
contains
gases of early atmosphere
NHS
eg.CH 4 , ,
H2 .




sparks simulate
lightning
-




-

condenser cooled atmosphere
:

raining water + dissolved molecules .




-




samples periodically collected
for analysis
.




MILLER EXPERIMENT
=