VERSION 2
NR 302 TEST 2 STUDY GUIDE
Skin/Nails/Hair
Inspect and palpate the skin
o Color
▪ Observe skin tone
▪ Normally even and consistent with genetic background
▪ Abnormal finding
● Vitiligo o Complete absence of melanin pigment in patchy
areas of white or light skin on the face, neck, hands, feet, and
body folds and around orifices o Dark skin people are
more severely affected
o Lesions
▪ Moles
● Normally are:
o Symmetrical
o Small size (6 mm or less) o Smooth borders
o Single uniform pigmentation
● Abnormal signs o Asymmetry
o Border irregularity o Color variation o Diameter > 6
mm o Elevation or evolution
o Wide spread color change
▪ Pallor
▪ Erythema- Red
▪ Cyanosis - blue
▪ Jaundice - Yellow
o Temperature
▪ Use back of the hands
▪ Check bilaterally
o Edema
▪ Not normally present
▪ Pitting edema
● 1 + Mild pitting
● 2 + Moderate pitting
● 3 + Deep pitting
● 4 + Very deep pitting
▪ Abnormal findings
● Peau d’ orange o Pigskin or orange peel look
● Anasarca o Edema over the whole body
o Mobility and turgor
▪ Test under clavicle
, ▪ Mobility is the ease of skin to rise
▪ Turgor is its ability to retrun to place promptly when released
o Vascularity or bruising
▪ Cherry (senile) angiomas
● Small (1 to 5 mm), smooth, slightly raised bright red dots that
commonly appear on the trunk in all adults older than 30 years
Inspect and palpate
the hair o Note color
of hair o Note
texture of hair o
Distribution
▪ Genital area
● Females
o Inverted triangle
● Males
o Upright triangle
o Hirsutism
▪ Excess body hair
▪ In females, forms a male pattern on face and chest
Inspect and palpate the
nails o Shape and
contour
▪ Normally slightly curved or flat
▪ Nail edges are smooth, rounded, and clean
▪ Profile sign
● Angle of the nail base should be about 160 degrees
▪ Abnormal findings
● Clubbing o Angle of straightens to 180 degrees
o Consistency
▪ Smooth and regular
o Color
▪ Nail plate is window to even, pink nail bed
o Capillary refill
▪ Color return less than 2 seconds
Teach skin self examination o
ABCDE rule
o Well lit room with length mirror
o Have someone check
your back
Adolescence
o Increase in oiliness and acne o
Seborrhea means oily
NR 302 TEST 2 STUDY GUIDE
Skin/Nails/Hair
Inspect and palpate the skin
o Color
▪ Observe skin tone
▪ Normally even and consistent with genetic background
▪ Abnormal finding
● Vitiligo o Complete absence of melanin pigment in patchy
areas of white or light skin on the face, neck, hands, feet, and
body folds and around orifices o Dark skin people are
more severely affected
o Lesions
▪ Moles
● Normally are:
o Symmetrical
o Small size (6 mm or less) o Smooth borders
o Single uniform pigmentation
● Abnormal signs o Asymmetry
o Border irregularity o Color variation o Diameter > 6
mm o Elevation or evolution
o Wide spread color change
▪ Pallor
▪ Erythema- Red
▪ Cyanosis - blue
▪ Jaundice - Yellow
o Temperature
▪ Use back of the hands
▪ Check bilaterally
o Edema
▪ Not normally present
▪ Pitting edema
● 1 + Mild pitting
● 2 + Moderate pitting
● 3 + Deep pitting
● 4 + Very deep pitting
▪ Abnormal findings
● Peau d’ orange o Pigskin or orange peel look
● Anasarca o Edema over the whole body
o Mobility and turgor
▪ Test under clavicle
, ▪ Mobility is the ease of skin to rise
▪ Turgor is its ability to retrun to place promptly when released
o Vascularity or bruising
▪ Cherry (senile) angiomas
● Small (1 to 5 mm), smooth, slightly raised bright red dots that
commonly appear on the trunk in all adults older than 30 years
Inspect and palpate
the hair o Note color
of hair o Note
texture of hair o
Distribution
▪ Genital area
● Females
o Inverted triangle
● Males
o Upright triangle
o Hirsutism
▪ Excess body hair
▪ In females, forms a male pattern on face and chest
Inspect and palpate the
nails o Shape and
contour
▪ Normally slightly curved or flat
▪ Nail edges are smooth, rounded, and clean
▪ Profile sign
● Angle of the nail base should be about 160 degrees
▪ Abnormal findings
● Clubbing o Angle of straightens to 180 degrees
o Consistency
▪ Smooth and regular
o Color
▪ Nail plate is window to even, pink nail bed
o Capillary refill
▪ Color return less than 2 seconds
Teach skin self examination o
ABCDE rule
o Well lit room with length mirror
o Have someone check
your back
Adolescence
o Increase in oiliness and acne o
Seborrhea means oily
