TNCC Notes for Written Exam

1. What is kinematics?: A branch of mechanics (energy transfer) that refers to motion and does not consider the concepts of force and mass of the object or body. 2. What is Newton's First Law?: A body at rest will remain at rest. A body in motion will remain in motion until acted on by an outside force. 3. What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?: Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It is only changed from one form to another. 4. What is Newton's Second Law?: Force equals mass multiplied by acceleration of deceleration. 5. What is kinetic energy (KE)?: KE equals 1/2 the mass (M) multiplied by the velocity squared. 6. What is the Mnemonic for the Initial Assessment?: A = Airway with simultaneous cervical spine protection B = Breathing C = Circulation D = Disability (neurologic status) E = Expose/Environmental controls (remove clothing and keep the patient warm) 7. What is the Mnemonic for the Secondary Assessment?: F = Full set of VS/Focused adjuncts (includes cardiac monitor, urinary catheter, and gastric tube)/Family presence G = Give comfort measures (verbal reassurance, touch, and pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management of pain). H = Hx and Head-to-toe assessment I = Inspect posterior surfaces 8. Where do you listen to auscultate breath sounds?: Auscultate the lungs bilaterally at the second intercostal space midclavicular line and at the fifth intercostal space at the anterior axillary line. 9. What are the late signs of breathing compromise?: - Tracheal deviation - JVD 10. What are signs of ineffective breathing?: - AMS - Cyanosis, especially around the mouth - Asymmetric expansion of chest wall - Paradoxical movement of the chest wall during inspiration and expiration - Use of accessory muscles or abdominal muscles or both or diaphragmatic breathing - Sucking chest wound