NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE

NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE Chapter 8: Skin Disorders 1. Viral infections a. Take antiviral to reduce viral shedding (can’t proliferate) 2. Autoimmune skin disorders a. Shingles b. Pemphigus  blisters i. 2 forms = vulgaris & foliaceus ii. Antibodies disrupt the cohesion between the epidermal cells causing blisters to form iii. Treatment = systemic glucocorticoids such as prednisone & other immunosuppressants 3. Psoriasis a. A chronic inflammatory skin disorder caused by abnormal T cell activation b. Cells are shedding epithelium a lot faster than they should (increased mitosis) = flakiness c. lesions found on face, scalp, elbows & knees d. Treatment = glucocorticoids, tar preparations & antimetabolites 4. HSV I and HSV II (Herpes Simplex Virus I & II) a. Type I = cold sores & fever blister b. Type II = genital c. Spread by direct contact 5. HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) a. Types 1-4 = plantar warts b. Types 6 & 11 = genital warts c. Predisposing factor: Cancer  Cervical 6. Fungal infections (mycoses) a. Most are superficial b. Diagnosed by skin scrapings c. Treatment = topical antifungal d. Athletes foot = Tinea pedis & Tinea capitis = cradle cap 7. Scabies a. Invasion by mite bite (female burrows, male fertilizes the female & dies, female lays eggs & dies, repeat) b. highly communicable in any setting and does not respect social status i. put patient in a private room ii. nurse should wear gloves & gown c. Itchy; Burrows appear on the skin as tiny, brown lines d. Common sites = between the fingers, wrists, inner surface of elbow & waistline e. Treatment = lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) 8. Contact dermatitis a. Exposure to an allergen = Pruritic rash (wool, itchy) b. No immune response c. Treatment = topical glucocorticoid 9. Atopic dermatitis (eczema) a. A common problem in infancy & may persist in adulthood b. A familial type I hypersensitivity often associated with hay fever & asthma c. Atopic = refers to an inherited tendency toward allergic conditions d. Etiology = chronic inflammation results from the response to allergens; eosinophilia (high level of WBCs in the blood) & increased serum IgE levels indicate the allergic basis e. S&S = pruritic lesions, skin appears dry & scaly f. Treatment = avoid aggravating agents & topical glucocorticoids 10. Hansen’s disease (Leprosy) a. Myobacterium leprae b. Infects the skin, mucous membrane & peripheral nerves