NR I302 IUnit I3 IChapter I12 IStudy IGuide
1. List Ithe I3 Ilayers Iassociated Iwith Ithe Iskin, Iand Idescribe Ithe Icontents Iof Ieach Ilayer.
• Epidermis-thin Ibut Itough, Icells Iare Ibound Itogether Ito Iform Isheets Iof Iprotective Ilayers
IhasIa Ibasal Icell Ilayer Iand Ia Ihorny Icell Ilayer
• Dermis- Iinner Isupporting Ilayer Imade Imostly Iof Iconnective Itissue Ior Icollagen I(dense Iand
fibrous).
• Subcutaneous Ilayer- Iadipose Itissue Imade Iup Iof Ilobules Iof Ifat Icells
2. Differentiate Iamong Isebaceous, Ieccrine, Iand Iapocrine Iglands.
• Sebaceous- Iproduces Isebum Ithat Icomes Ifrom Ihair Ifollicles, Iit Ilubricates Ithe Iskin Iand
IhairIand Iforms Iwaterproof Ibarrier
• Eccrine- Icoiled Itubules Ithat Iopen Idirectly Ion Ithe Iskins Isurface Iand Iproduce Isweat
• Apocrine- Ithick Imilky Isolution Ithat Iopens Iinto Ihair Ifollicles Ilocated Iin Iaxillae,
Ianogenital,Inipples Iand Inavel Ithey Ibecome Iactive Iat Ipuberty.
3. List Iat Ileast I5 Ifunctions Iof Ithe Iskin.
Protection, Iprevents Ipenetration, Iperception, Itemperature Iregulation,
Iidentification,Icommunication, Iwound Irepair, Iwaterproofing Iand Iproduction Iof
Ivitamin ID
4. Describe Ithe Iappearance Iof Ipallor, Ierythema, Icyanosis, Iand Ijaundice Iin Iboth Ilight-skinned
IandIdark-skinned Ipersons. IState Icommon Icauses Iof Ieach.
Light-skinned Dark-skinned Causes
pallor marked Ipallor Absence Iof Anxiety, Ifear
Iunderlying Ired Itones
erythema inflammation Must Ipalpate Ithe Fever, Ilocal
IskinIfor Iwarmth Iinflammation Ior
Iemotional Ireactions
cyanosis Can Iappear Iblueish Hard Ito High Ilevels Iof
IinIthe Iskin IdetermineIvisually Ideoxygenated
Iblood
jaundice yellowish Clay Icolored High Iamounts Iof
IstoolsIand Igolden Ibilirubin Iin Ithe Iblood
Iurine
, 5. List Icauses Iof Ichanges Iin Iskin Itemperature- Ihypothermia Iand Ihyperthermia, Itexture-
Ihyperthyroidism Iand Ihypothyroidism, Imoisture- Idiaphoresis Iand Idehydration, Imobility-
Idecreased Iwith Iedema, Iand Iturgor- Idehydration Ior Iweight Iloss.
6. The Iwhite Ilinear Imarkings Ithat Inormally Iare Ivisible Ithrough Ithe Inail Iand Ion Ithe Ipink Inail
IbedIare Itermed I I I I Ileukonychia .
7. Describe Ithe Ifollowing Ifindings Ithat Iare Icommon Ivariations Ion Ithe Iinfant’s Iskin:
• Mongolian Ispot I– Ihyperpigmentation Iin Iblack, IAsian, Inative IAmerican Iand
IHispanicIinfants Iusually Ion Ibuttocks
• af Iau Ilait Ispot I– Ilarge Iround Ior Ioval Ipatch Iof Ibrown Ipigmentation Iat Ibirth
• Erythema Itoxicum I–tiny Ipunctate Ired Imacules Iand Ipapules Ion Icheeks, Itrunk, Ichest,
IbackIand Ibuttocks
• Cutis Imarmorata I– Itransient Imottling Iin Ithe Itrunk Ior Iextremities Iand Iforms Ia Ireticulated
red Ior Iblue Ipattern Iover Ithe Iskin
• Physiologic Ijaundice I– Iyellowing Iof Ithe Iskin, Isclera, Iand Imucous Imembranes Ithat
IformsI3-4 Idays Iafter Ibirth
• Milia I– Itiny Iwhite Ipapules Ion Ithe Icheeks Iand Iforehead
8. Describe Ithe Ifollowing Ifindings Ithat Iare Icommon Ivariations Ion Ithe Iaging Iadult’s
skin:ILentigines I–liver Ispots, Ismall Iareas Iof Ihyperpigmentation
I
Seborrheic Ikeratosis I– Ilooks Idark, Igreasy Iand Istuck Ion Ithe
I skinIActinic Ikeratosis I-
Acrochordons I(skin
I tags)ISebaceous
hyperplasia
I
9. Differentiate Iamong Ithese Ipurpuric Ilesions: Ipetechiae, Ibruise, Ihematoma.
10. Differentiate Iamong Ithe Iappearance Iof Ithe Iskin Irash Iof Ithese Ichildhood Iillnesses:
ImeaslesI(rubeola), IGerman Imeasles I(rubella), Ichickenpox I(varicella).
11. List Iand Idescribe Ithe I4 Istages Iof Ipressure Iulcer Idevelopment.
12. Define Iand Igive Ian Iexample Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iprimary Iskin Ilesions: Imacule, Ipapule,
Iplaque,Inodule, Itumor, Iwheal, Ivesicle, Ipustule.
Define Iand Igive Ian Iexample Iof Ithese Isecondary Ilesions: Icrust, Iscale, Ifissure, Ierosion, Iulcer.
1. List Ithe I3 Ilayers Iassociated Iwith Ithe Iskin, Iand Idescribe Ithe Icontents Iof Ieach Ilayer.
• Epidermis-thin Ibut Itough, Icells Iare Ibound Itogether Ito Iform Isheets Iof Iprotective Ilayers
IhasIa Ibasal Icell Ilayer Iand Ia Ihorny Icell Ilayer
• Dermis- Iinner Isupporting Ilayer Imade Imostly Iof Iconnective Itissue Ior Icollagen I(dense Iand
fibrous).
• Subcutaneous Ilayer- Iadipose Itissue Imade Iup Iof Ilobules Iof Ifat Icells
2. Differentiate Iamong Isebaceous, Ieccrine, Iand Iapocrine Iglands.
• Sebaceous- Iproduces Isebum Ithat Icomes Ifrom Ihair Ifollicles, Iit Ilubricates Ithe Iskin Iand
IhairIand Iforms Iwaterproof Ibarrier
• Eccrine- Icoiled Itubules Ithat Iopen Idirectly Ion Ithe Iskins Isurface Iand Iproduce Isweat
• Apocrine- Ithick Imilky Isolution Ithat Iopens Iinto Ihair Ifollicles Ilocated Iin Iaxillae,
Ianogenital,Inipples Iand Inavel Ithey Ibecome Iactive Iat Ipuberty.
3. List Iat Ileast I5 Ifunctions Iof Ithe Iskin.
Protection, Iprevents Ipenetration, Iperception, Itemperature Iregulation,
Iidentification,Icommunication, Iwound Irepair, Iwaterproofing Iand Iproduction Iof
Ivitamin ID
4. Describe Ithe Iappearance Iof Ipallor, Ierythema, Icyanosis, Iand Ijaundice Iin Iboth Ilight-skinned
IandIdark-skinned Ipersons. IState Icommon Icauses Iof Ieach.
Light-skinned Dark-skinned Causes
pallor marked Ipallor Absence Iof Anxiety, Ifear
Iunderlying Ired Itones
erythema inflammation Must Ipalpate Ithe Fever, Ilocal
IskinIfor Iwarmth Iinflammation Ior
Iemotional Ireactions
cyanosis Can Iappear Iblueish Hard Ito High Ilevels Iof
IinIthe Iskin IdetermineIvisually Ideoxygenated
Iblood
jaundice yellowish Clay Icolored High Iamounts Iof
IstoolsIand Igolden Ibilirubin Iin Ithe Iblood
Iurine
, 5. List Icauses Iof Ichanges Iin Iskin Itemperature- Ihypothermia Iand Ihyperthermia, Itexture-
Ihyperthyroidism Iand Ihypothyroidism, Imoisture- Idiaphoresis Iand Idehydration, Imobility-
Idecreased Iwith Iedema, Iand Iturgor- Idehydration Ior Iweight Iloss.
6. The Iwhite Ilinear Imarkings Ithat Inormally Iare Ivisible Ithrough Ithe Inail Iand Ion Ithe Ipink Inail
IbedIare Itermed I I I I Ileukonychia .
7. Describe Ithe Ifollowing Ifindings Ithat Iare Icommon Ivariations Ion Ithe Iinfant’s Iskin:
• Mongolian Ispot I– Ihyperpigmentation Iin Iblack, IAsian, Inative IAmerican Iand
IHispanicIinfants Iusually Ion Ibuttocks
• af Iau Ilait Ispot I– Ilarge Iround Ior Ioval Ipatch Iof Ibrown Ipigmentation Iat Ibirth
• Erythema Itoxicum I–tiny Ipunctate Ired Imacules Iand Ipapules Ion Icheeks, Itrunk, Ichest,
IbackIand Ibuttocks
• Cutis Imarmorata I– Itransient Imottling Iin Ithe Itrunk Ior Iextremities Iand Iforms Ia Ireticulated
red Ior Iblue Ipattern Iover Ithe Iskin
• Physiologic Ijaundice I– Iyellowing Iof Ithe Iskin, Isclera, Iand Imucous Imembranes Ithat
IformsI3-4 Idays Iafter Ibirth
• Milia I– Itiny Iwhite Ipapules Ion Ithe Icheeks Iand Iforehead
8. Describe Ithe Ifollowing Ifindings Ithat Iare Icommon Ivariations Ion Ithe Iaging Iadult’s
skin:ILentigines I–liver Ispots, Ismall Iareas Iof Ihyperpigmentation
I
Seborrheic Ikeratosis I– Ilooks Idark, Igreasy Iand Istuck Ion Ithe
I skinIActinic Ikeratosis I-
Acrochordons I(skin
I tags)ISebaceous
hyperplasia
I
9. Differentiate Iamong Ithese Ipurpuric Ilesions: Ipetechiae, Ibruise, Ihematoma.
10. Differentiate Iamong Ithe Iappearance Iof Ithe Iskin Irash Iof Ithese Ichildhood Iillnesses:
ImeaslesI(rubeola), IGerman Imeasles I(rubella), Ichickenpox I(varicella).
11. List Iand Idescribe Ithe I4 Istages Iof Ipressure Iulcer Idevelopment.
12. Define Iand Igive Ian Iexample Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iprimary Iskin Ilesions: Imacule, Ipapule,
Iplaque,Inodule, Itumor, Iwheal, Ivesicle, Ipustule.
Define Iand Igive Ian Iexample Iof Ithese Isecondary Ilesions: Icrust, Iscale, Ifissure, Ierosion, Iulcer.
