PREGNANCY CHANGES AND FETAL WELL BEING - ATI CH 3 and 6

PREGNANCY CHANGES AND FETAL WELL BEING - ATI CH 3 and 6 Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy - Changes that the woman experiences that make her think that she may be pregnant. These changes may be subjective symptoms or objective signs. Signs also may be a result of physiological factors other than pregnancy (peristalsis, infections, and stress). ◯ Amenorrhea ◯ Fatigue ◯ Nausea and vomiting ◯ Urinary frequency ◯ Breast changes - darkened areolae, enlarged Montgomery's glands ◯ Quickening - slight fluttering movements of the fetus felt by a woman, usually between 16 to 20 weeks of gestation ◯ Uterine enlargement Probable Signs of Pregnancy - Changes that make the examiner suspect a woman is pregnant (primarily related to physical changes of the uterus). Signs can be caused by physiological factors other than pregnancy (pelvic congestion, tumors). ◯ Abdominal enlargement related to changes in uterine size, shape, and position ◯ Hegar's sign - softening and compressibility of lower uterus ◯ Chadwick's sign - deepened violet-bluish color of cervix and vaginal mucosa ◯ Goodell's sign - softening of cervical tip ◯ Ballottement - rebound of unengaged fetus ◯ Braxton Hicks contractions - false contractions; painless, irregular, and usually relieved by walking ◯ Positive pregnancy test ◯ Fetal outline felt by examiner Positive Signs of Pregnancy - Signs that can be explained only by pregnancy. ◯ Fetal heart sounds ◯ Visualization of fetus by ultrasound ◯ Fetal movement palpated by an experienced examiner Quickening - Slight fluttering movements of the fetus felt by a woman, usually between 16 to 20 weeks of gestation Hegar's sign - Softening and compressibility of lower uterus Chadwick's sign - Deepened violet-bluish color of cervix and vaginal mucosa Ballottement - Rebound of unengaged fetus Nägele's rule - Take the first day of the woman's last menstrual cycle, subtract 3 months, and then add 7 days and 1 year, adjusting for the year as necessary. Fundal height - Measurement of fundal height in centimeters from the symphysis pubis to the top of the uterine fundus (between 18 and 32 weeks of gestation). Gravidity - Number of pregnancies Nulligravida - A woman who has never been pregnant Primigravida - A woman in her first pregnancy Multigravida - A woman who has had two or more pregnancies Parity - Number of pregnancies in which the fetus or fetuses reach viability (approximately 20 weeks) regardless of whether the fetus is born alive Nullipara - No pregnancy beyond the stage of viability Primipara - Has completed one pregnancy to stage of viability Multipara - Has completed two or more pregnancies to stage of viability GTPAL acronym - Gravidity Term births (38 weeks or more) Preterm births (from viability up to 37 weeks) Abortions/miscarriages (prior to viability) Living children Chloasma - Pigmentation increases on the face. Linea nigra - Dark line of pigmentation from the umbilicus extending to the pubic area. Striae gravidarum - Stretch marks most notably found on the abdomen and thighs. A nurse is caring for a client who is pregnant and states that her last menstrual period was April 1, 2013. Which of the following is the client's estimated date of delivery? - Jan 8, 2014 2. A nurse in a prenatal clinic is caring for a client who is in the first trimester of pregnancy. The client's health record includes this data: G3 T1 P0 A1 L1. How should the nurse interpret this information? (Select all that apply.) A. Client has delivered one newborn at term. B. Client has experienced no preterm labor. C. Client has been through active labor. D. Client has had two prior pregnancies. E. Client has one living child. - ANS: A, D, E ..................