HESI ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

HESI ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY A natomy: is what you see with your eyes in the human body M icroscopic Anatomy: examines cells and molecules C H ytology: study of cells istology: study of tissues P hysiology: is the study of functions of anatomical structures *Smallest living is a CELL *Smallest organism is an ATOM L evels of Hierarchy A tom- the most basic complete unit of an element M olecule- a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction O rganelles- are cells parts that function within a cell C ells- the basic structural unit of an organism from which living things created. Is one individual cell. T issues- a group of cells with similar structure that functions together as a unit, but at a lower level than organs O rgan- a self contained part of an organism that performs specific functions. Is formed by two or more similar tissues. O rgan System- functional groups of organs that work together within the body: circulatory, integumentary, skeletal, reproductive, digestive, urinary, respiratory, endocrine, lymphatic, muscular and nervous. Humans have 11 Organ Systems C ell Structures ● N ● R ● G ● V ● C ● M ● C ● C ucleus- holds the cells DNA in form of chromatin ibosomes- small structures that build proteins olgi Apparatus- modifies and packages proteins secreted from cell acuoles- storage, digestion, and waste removal ytoskeletal- series of rod shaped proteins that provide shape/support cell icrotubules- part of the cytoskeletal ytosol- liquid material in cell ell membrane- separate internal and external cellular environment; allows material to enter/exit ● E ndoplasmic Reticulum- smooth or rough transport system of the cell