lOMoARcPSD|3013804
N306 Study Guide -
Finals
OB clinical (West Coast
University)
, lOMoARcPSD|3013804
1
4 N306 Study Guide – Final Spring I
This guide includes all content that is important to understand in each chapter. A comprehensive level
of understanding will ensure your success. For more focused guidance: If something is
bolded/underlined, then it’s probably going to be on your exam. All page numbers refer to Durham
3rd ed.
Chapter 3
Genetics
o Associated terminology/definitions and classifications (genotype vs phenotype)
→ genotype – genes, genes of mom straight hair and dad curly hair
→ phenotype – curly hair (expressed, observable), tall, green eyes
o Genetic counseling- role of the nurse
→ offer support
→ assess risk factors for genetic disorders
→ assist in value clarification
→ educate on procedures and tests
o Genetically linked disorders and associated ethnic backgrounds
● Sickle-Cell Anemia à African American ancestry
● Cystic Fibrosis → European ancestry
● Tay-Sachs Disease → Jewish ancestry
● Phenylketonuria → lack of an enzyme to metabolize the amino acids phenylalanine leads to severe mental and
physical retardation.
● Huntington’s Disease → uncontrollable muscle contractions b/w the ages of 30 and 50 y.o.
● Hemophilia (X-linked) → lack of factor VIII impairs chemical clotting
● Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy (X-linked) → replacement of muscle by adipose or scar tissue.
o Fetal alcohol syndrome
§ Causes? Fetal characteristics?
Fetal characteristics
● Small eyes, flat midface, smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, eyes with wide spaced, strabismus,
ptosis, poor suck, small teeth, cleft lip or palate, microcephaly
● Developmental delays, sleep disturbances, heart defects, tetralogy of fallot
● Withdrawal: jitteriness, irritability, increased tone and reflex response, seizures
● Causes: intake of alcohol while pregnant (chronic or periodic intake)
, lOMoARcPSD|3013804
2
o TORCH
§ Look at each and understand the mode of transmission, is there treatment for it? Do we screen for
it during prenatal care? How might it affect the pregnancy and baby?
● T: Toxoplasmosis, increased risk for fetal demise, blindness, mental retardation
● O: Other (Hep B)
● R: Rubella (German measles), increased risk for heart defects, deafness and/or blindness,
mental retardation, fetal demise
● C: Cytomegalovirus (CMV), increased risk for hydrocephaly, microcephaly, cerebral
calcification, mental retardation, hearing loss
● H: Herpes Simplex virus (HSV), increased risk for hypoplasia of hands and feet,
blindness/cataracts, mental retardation
§ What about viruses and placenta?
● Viruses such as rubella and cytomegalovirus can cross the placental membrane and enter the
fetal system, potentially causing fetal death or defects
● NO MMR vaccine during pregnancy
§ How long is zika in male system for? What can zika lead to in newborn who is affected by it?
● Increased risk for microcephaly, blindness hearing defects, impaired growth, increased muscle
tone, seizures
, lOMoARcPSD|3013804
3
Menstrual Cycle
Consists of two cycles working simultaneously (ovarian and endometrial) what are levels and roles of
estrogen and *progesterone in each cycle
*ovarian hormones – maintain endometrium, provide nutrition, aid in implantation, decrease uterine
contractility, initiate breast ductal system development
o Where each hormone is released from in the body?
-LH and FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
o Know the role and function of the corpus luteum (think hormones)
-makes estrogen and progesterone (to prepare uterus for fertilization also to inhibit LH and
FSH from maturing eggs)
Conception - when a sperm nucleus enters the nucleus of the oocyte
o Where does fertilization occur?
-fallopian tubes (ovum released to the peritoneal cavity then swept by the fimbriae towards the
fallopian tubes.
-fertilization occurs – CL stays in place -> embryo releases HCG (human chorionic
gonadotropin) which prevents CL from dying
N306 Study Guide -
Finals
OB clinical (West Coast
University)
, lOMoARcPSD|3013804
1
4 N306 Study Guide – Final Spring I
This guide includes all content that is important to understand in each chapter. A comprehensive level
of understanding will ensure your success. For more focused guidance: If something is
bolded/underlined, then it’s probably going to be on your exam. All page numbers refer to Durham
3rd ed.
Chapter 3
Genetics
o Associated terminology/definitions and classifications (genotype vs phenotype)
→ genotype – genes, genes of mom straight hair and dad curly hair
→ phenotype – curly hair (expressed, observable), tall, green eyes
o Genetic counseling- role of the nurse
→ offer support
→ assess risk factors for genetic disorders
→ assist in value clarification
→ educate on procedures and tests
o Genetically linked disorders and associated ethnic backgrounds
● Sickle-Cell Anemia à African American ancestry
● Cystic Fibrosis → European ancestry
● Tay-Sachs Disease → Jewish ancestry
● Phenylketonuria → lack of an enzyme to metabolize the amino acids phenylalanine leads to severe mental and
physical retardation.
● Huntington’s Disease → uncontrollable muscle contractions b/w the ages of 30 and 50 y.o.
● Hemophilia (X-linked) → lack of factor VIII impairs chemical clotting
● Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy (X-linked) → replacement of muscle by adipose or scar tissue.
o Fetal alcohol syndrome
§ Causes? Fetal characteristics?
Fetal characteristics
● Small eyes, flat midface, smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, eyes with wide spaced, strabismus,
ptosis, poor suck, small teeth, cleft lip or palate, microcephaly
● Developmental delays, sleep disturbances, heart defects, tetralogy of fallot
● Withdrawal: jitteriness, irritability, increased tone and reflex response, seizures
● Causes: intake of alcohol while pregnant (chronic or periodic intake)
, lOMoARcPSD|3013804
2
o TORCH
§ Look at each and understand the mode of transmission, is there treatment for it? Do we screen for
it during prenatal care? How might it affect the pregnancy and baby?
● T: Toxoplasmosis, increased risk for fetal demise, blindness, mental retardation
● O: Other (Hep B)
● R: Rubella (German measles), increased risk for heart defects, deafness and/or blindness,
mental retardation, fetal demise
● C: Cytomegalovirus (CMV), increased risk for hydrocephaly, microcephaly, cerebral
calcification, mental retardation, hearing loss
● H: Herpes Simplex virus (HSV), increased risk for hypoplasia of hands and feet,
blindness/cataracts, mental retardation
§ What about viruses and placenta?
● Viruses such as rubella and cytomegalovirus can cross the placental membrane and enter the
fetal system, potentially causing fetal death or defects
● NO MMR vaccine during pregnancy
§ How long is zika in male system for? What can zika lead to in newborn who is affected by it?
● Increased risk for microcephaly, blindness hearing defects, impaired growth, increased muscle
tone, seizures
, lOMoARcPSD|3013804
3
Menstrual Cycle
Consists of two cycles working simultaneously (ovarian and endometrial) what are levels and roles of
estrogen and *progesterone in each cycle
*ovarian hormones – maintain endometrium, provide nutrition, aid in implantation, decrease uterine
contractility, initiate breast ductal system development
o Where each hormone is released from in the body?
-LH and FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
o Know the role and function of the corpus luteum (think hormones)
-makes estrogen and progesterone (to prepare uterus for fertilization also to inhibit LH and
FSH from maturing eggs)
Conception - when a sperm nucleus enters the nucleus of the oocyte
o Where does fertilization occur?
-fallopian tubes (ovum released to the peritoneal cavity then swept by the fimbriae towards the
fallopian tubes.
-fertilization occurs – CL stays in place -> embryo releases HCG (human chorionic
gonadotropin) which prevents CL from dying
