MODULE 9
Question 1:Define endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine.
Endocrine are hormones that are released to target organs. Paracrine are
hormones that act on local cells such as estrogen and testosterone in the
reproductive system. Autocrine are hormones that are produced when a biologic
action has taken place such as insulin.
Endocrine: Hormones are released to circulation to act on a target organ (i.e. TSH,
ADH) Paracrine: Hormones act locally on cells close to where they are released (i.e.
estrogen and testosterone)
Autocrine: Hormones produce a biologic action on the cell that released them (i.e.
insulin)
Question 2: What are the different structural types of hormones?
1. Amino acids
2. Peptides and proteins
3. Steriods
Function of hormones are:
Open or close the ion channels affecting membrane
potential Stimulate gene expression to influence
protein synthesis
Activate or inhibit enzyme
systems Induce secretory
activity
Stimulate mitosis.
Question 3: What is the function of the hypothalamus?
The hypothalamus functions to control endocrine glands. It regulates
homeostasis, body temp, behavior, hunger, pain, emotion. It also produces
stimulating hormones or the pituitary to release the stimulating hormones.
Answer: The hypothalamus serves to link the nervous system to the endocrine
system. It regulates homeostasis, body temperature, hunger, behavior, emotion,
and pain. The hypothalamus produces releasing hormones, which stimulate the
pituitary to release stimulating hormones.
Releases and produces ADH and oxytocin hormones, Secretes regulatory
hormones that control the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and Directs
neural control of the sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla to release
epinephrine.
1
, Question 4: What is the role of the pituitary gland?
The pituitary gland’s role is to release stimulating hormones that help to target
organs.
2
Question 1:Define endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine.
Endocrine are hormones that are released to target organs. Paracrine are
hormones that act on local cells such as estrogen and testosterone in the
reproductive system. Autocrine are hormones that are produced when a biologic
action has taken place such as insulin.
Endocrine: Hormones are released to circulation to act on a target organ (i.e. TSH,
ADH) Paracrine: Hormones act locally on cells close to where they are released (i.e.
estrogen and testosterone)
Autocrine: Hormones produce a biologic action on the cell that released them (i.e.
insulin)
Question 2: What are the different structural types of hormones?
1. Amino acids
2. Peptides and proteins
3. Steriods
Function of hormones are:
Open or close the ion channels affecting membrane
potential Stimulate gene expression to influence
protein synthesis
Activate or inhibit enzyme
systems Induce secretory
activity
Stimulate mitosis.
Question 3: What is the function of the hypothalamus?
The hypothalamus functions to control endocrine glands. It regulates
homeostasis, body temp, behavior, hunger, pain, emotion. It also produces
stimulating hormones or the pituitary to release the stimulating hormones.
Answer: The hypothalamus serves to link the nervous system to the endocrine
system. It regulates homeostasis, body temperature, hunger, behavior, emotion,
and pain. The hypothalamus produces releasing hormones, which stimulate the
pituitary to release stimulating hormones.
Releases and produces ADH and oxytocin hormones, Secretes regulatory
hormones that control the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and Directs
neural control of the sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla to release
epinephrine.
1
, Question 4: What is the role of the pituitary gland?
The pituitary gland’s role is to release stimulating hormones that help to target
organs.
2
