Chapter09:DrugTherapyforCentralN
ervousSystemProblems
[Document subtitle]
, Chapter09:DrugTherapyforCentralNervousSystemProblems
Visovsky:IntroductiontoClinicalPharmacology,9thEdition
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. Whichneurotransmitterhasaninhibitoryactionwithinthecentralnervoussystem?
a. Epinephrine
b. Acetylcholine
c. Norepinephrine
d. Gamma-aminobutyricacid
ANS: D
Neurotransmitterscanbeexcitatoryorinhibitory.Excitatoryneurotransmittersincludeacetylcholi
ne(Ach),epinephrine,andnorepinephrine.Inhibitoryneurotransmittersincludedopamine,somet
ypesofserotonin,andGABA(gamma-aminobutyricacid).
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Knowing REF: p.159
2. HowdoesthedrugtolcaponerelievethesymptomsofParkinsondisease?
a Actsasadopamineagonist,replacingtheactivityofdopamine
.
b Forcesthesubstantianigratoincreasetheproductionandreleaseofnaturaldopamine
.
c Suppressestheactivityofanenzymethatnormallybreaksdownnaturallyoccurringdopamine
.
d Increasesthenumberofdopaminereceptorssitesthroughoutthecentralnervoussystem,thusinc
. reasingtheeffectivenessofdopamineanddopamineagonists
ANS: C Catechol-O-
methyltransferase(COMT)isanenzymethatbreaksdown(metabolizes)naturallyoccurringcatech
olamine-
basedneurotransmitters,includingdopamine.Italsobreaksdowndopamineagonistdrugs.Catech ol-
O-methyltransferase(COMT)inhibitorsaredrugsthatsuppresstheactivityoftheCOMTenzymesobo
thnaturallyoccurringdopamineanddopamineagonistdrugsremainactiveinthebodylonger,helpin
gtorestoretheacetylcholine–
dopaminebalanceinthebrain.Entacapone(Comtan)andtolcapone(Tasmar)aretwoCOMTinhibit
orsthatareusedcurrentlyforPD.
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Understanding REF: p.162
3. Whyarecarbidopaandlevodopausuallygiventogether?
a. Carbidopaisadopamineagonistandlevodopaisadopamineantagonist.
b. Levodopaisadopamineagonistandcarbidopaisadopamineantagonist.
c. Carbidopaenhancestheactionoflevodopa,andlessdrugisneeded.
d. Levodopareversesorpreventsthesideeffectsofcarbidopa.
ANS: C
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ervousSystemProblems
[Document subtitle]
, Chapter09:DrugTherapyforCentralNervousSystemProblems
Visovsky:IntroductiontoClinicalPharmacology,9thEdition
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. Whichneurotransmitterhasaninhibitoryactionwithinthecentralnervoussystem?
a. Epinephrine
b. Acetylcholine
c. Norepinephrine
d. Gamma-aminobutyricacid
ANS: D
Neurotransmitterscanbeexcitatoryorinhibitory.Excitatoryneurotransmittersincludeacetylcholi
ne(Ach),epinephrine,andnorepinephrine.Inhibitoryneurotransmittersincludedopamine,somet
ypesofserotonin,andGABA(gamma-aminobutyricacid).
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Knowing REF: p.159
2. HowdoesthedrugtolcaponerelievethesymptomsofParkinsondisease?
a Actsasadopamineagonist,replacingtheactivityofdopamine
.
b Forcesthesubstantianigratoincreasetheproductionandreleaseofnaturaldopamine
.
c Suppressestheactivityofanenzymethatnormallybreaksdownnaturallyoccurringdopamine
.
d Increasesthenumberofdopaminereceptorssitesthroughoutthecentralnervoussystem,thusinc
. reasingtheeffectivenessofdopamineanddopamineagonists
ANS: C Catechol-O-
methyltransferase(COMT)isanenzymethatbreaksdown(metabolizes)naturallyoccurringcatech
olamine-
basedneurotransmitters,includingdopamine.Italsobreaksdowndopamineagonistdrugs.Catech ol-
O-methyltransferase(COMT)inhibitorsaredrugsthatsuppresstheactivityoftheCOMTenzymesobo
thnaturallyoccurringdopamineanddopamineagonistdrugsremainactiveinthebodylonger,helpin
gtorestoretheacetylcholine–
dopaminebalanceinthebrain.Entacapone(Comtan)andtolcapone(Tasmar)aretwoCOMTinhibit
orsthatareusedcurrentlyforPD.
DIF: CognitiveLevel:Understanding REF: p.162
3. Whyarecarbidopaandlevodopausuallygiventogether?
a. Carbidopaisadopamineagonistandlevodopaisadopamineantagonist.
b. Levodopaisadopamineagonistandcarbidopaisadopamineantagonist.
c. Carbidopaenhancestheactionoflevodopa,andlessdrugisneeded.
d. Levodopareversesorpreventsthesideeffectsofcarbidopa.
ANS: C
This study source was downloaded by 100000817936687 from CourseHero.com on 04 -13-2022 07:32:44 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/72568880/Chapter9Pharmacologydocx/
