SCI 228 Week 8 Final Exam

Question 1 (CO 1) Which government agency regulates organic farming standards in the United States? • Food and Drug Administration • United States Department of Agriculture • Environmental Protection Agency • Centers for Disease Control The USDA regulates organic farming standards, and farms must be certified as organic by a government-approved certifier who inspects the farm and verifies that the farmer is following all USDA organic standards. (Pruitt, p. 689) Question 2 (CO 1) The second step of the scientific method is • observation and description of a phenomenon. • testing a research question or hypothesis. • generating a hypothesis. • collecting data. The scientific method usually includes the following steps, which are described in more detail below and summarized in figure 1.11: (Pruitt, p. 18) • The researcher proposes a hypothesis or educated guess to explain why the phenomenon occurs. Question 3 (CO 1) Which of the following best describes the Delaney Clause? • Government action that prevents the intentional addition of compounds that have been shown to cause cancer in animals or humans • Government recommendation that all predatory fish be tested for mercury before being sold to the consumer • List of food additives generally regarded as safe; established in 1958 by the U.S. Congress • Pending legislation to ban irradiation as a method of food preservation The Delaney Clause, also enacted in 1958, states that “No additive may be permitted in any amount if tests show that it produces cancer when fed to man or animals or by other appropriate tests.” (Pruitt, p. 683) Question 4 (CO 1) The Nutrition facts panel on a box of crackers indicates that one serving provides 140 calories, with 55 calories coming from fat. Calculate the percentage of calories from fat in this product. • 39% • 55% • 85% • Need more information to calculate. Equation: 55 fat calories / 140 total calories = 0.39 Question 5 (CO 1) The standard used to estimate the daily nutrient needs of half of all healthy individuals is • EAR. • AI. • RDA. • UL. The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) represents the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half of the healthy individuals in a particular life stage or gender group. (Pruitt, p. 14)