Summary Nr 507 Final Exam Review.

Peripheral ivascular idisease: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY iOF iDEEP iVEIN iTHROMBOSIS: Deep ivenous ithrombosis i(DVT) iis iclotting iof iblood iin ia ideep ivein iof ian iextremity i(usually icalf ior ithigh) ior ithe ipelvis. iDVT iis ithe iprimary icause iof ipulmonary iembolism. iDVT iresults ifrom iconditions ithat iimpair ivenous ireturn, ilead ito iendothelial iinjury ior idysfunction, ior icause ihypercoagulability. Lower iextremity iDVT imost ioften iresults ifrom iimpaired ivenous ireturn i(eg, iin iimmobilized ipatients), iendothelial iinjury ior idysfunction i(eg, iafter ileg ifractures), ihypercoagulability Upper iextremity iDVT ioccasionally ioccurs ias ipart iof isuperior ivena icava i(SVC) isyndrome ior iresults ifrom ia ihypercoagulable istate ior isubclavian ivein icompression iat ithe ithoracic ioutlet. iThe icompression imay ibe idue ito ia inormal ior ian iaccessory ifirst irib ior ifibrous iband i(thoracic ioutlet isyndrome) ior ioccur iduring istrenuous iarm iactivity i(effort ithrombosis, ior iPaget-Schroetter isyndrome, iwhich iaccounts ifor i1 ito i4% iof iupper iextremity iDVT icases). Deep ivenous ithrombosis iusually ibegins iin ivenous ivalve icusps. iThrombi iconsist iof ithrombin, ifibrin, iand iRBCs iwith irelatively ifew iplatelets i(red ithrombi); iwithout itreatment, ithrombi imay ipropagate iproximally ior itravel ito ithe ilungs.