important formulae to
know ( & be able to use )
FOOD AND NUTRITION
BARE NECESSITIES
A Ms Brits HOW TO guide to key facts and concepts
HIV/AIDS
HIV is a virus that destroys white blood cells that helps your body to fight diseases.
It weakens the immune system.
Symptoms
Healthy for years
Weights loss n
only for aids
Diarrhoea due to mouth
•
sores & diarrhea
Sores in mouth
Management dietary changes
Nutrient Food sources Function
Protein meat, chicken, milk, eggs, soya beans, Build muscle (maintenance of healthy
beans, peas, lentils body weight)
Vitamin A yellow, orange (carrots & pumpkin), red Antioxidant that prevents damage to
fruit and vegetables cells and infections
During infections there is an increased
loss of vitamin A from the body.
Vitamin B6 potatoes, meat, chicken Maintains healthy immune system
Vitamin C citrus fruit, tomatoes Builds immune system
Antioxidant
Vitamin E plant oils, margarine, nuts (fatty foods) Antioxidant
Selenium whole-wheat bread, meat Antioxidant
Zinc whole-wheat bread, meat Builds immune system
Antioxidant
Iron red meat Maintains the immune system
Management lifestyle changes s further compromises weak immune
system
Prepare and handle food hygienically (so that you do not get food poisoning) .
Take vitamin supplements boost immune system
s
No alcohol
Exercise
Antiretroviral (ARVs)
Managing the diet and lifestyle of AIDS patients with a sore mouth > think of it as giving
baby food easy &
'
nutritional
'
.
Choose moist, soft foods, cool or at room temperature, e.g., mashed potatoes, mac&cheese
Avoid sticky foods that are hard to swallow, e.g., peanut butter
Avoid hard and very dry foods. Toast and biscuits should be dipped in milk, tea, juice or soup
Spicy, salty and sour foods as well as fizzy drinks should be avoided.
Managing the diet and lifestyle of AIDS patients with diarrhoea
Water to manage dehydration loss of fluids
s
Low fat - fat worsens diarrhoea
Soluble fibre (beans, peas) stops diarrhoea but insoluble fibre (whole wheat) can make it worse
1
,OSTEOPOROSIS
Reduced bone density
Bones become brittle and break easily (e.g., broken hip)
Causes
The human body builds bone up to the age of about 30 years. After 30 it breaks down faster than it
builds.
Lack of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D in diet
Mostly affects woman
Menstrual status (no period increases risk)
Smoking increases loss of bone density
Too much alcohol prevents the absorption of calcium
Exercise builds bone, no exercise low bone density
Symptoms
Usually later, age 70 +
Broken bones
Bent posture
Prevention and management dietary changes
Nutrient Food source Function
Calcium dairy products (milk, yoghurt) Builds and protects bones
canned fish with edible bones (e.g.,
pilchards)
Phosphorous dairy products (milk, yoghurt) Important for healthy bone development
Vitamin D oily fish (e.g. salmon, tuna and Helps with the absorption of calcium
sardines)
egg yolk
Prevention and management (other) lifestyle changes
Spend time in the sun - sunlight helps the skin to produce vitamin D.
Do not smoke
Avoid excessive use of alcohol prevents absorption of calcium
Do regular weight-bearing exercise such as walking
2
, RICKETS
Mainly affects young children
It causes soft, weak bones
Bones become curved
Due to vitamin D deficiency
Causes (vitamin D deficiency)
Not enough time in the sun
Not enough vitamin D in the diet (fatty fish, egg yolk)
Symptoms
Delayed growth
Thickened wrists and ankles
Breastbone projection
Bowed legs or knock knees
(Kauvery Hospital, 2016)
Prevention and management
Exposure to sunlight provides the best source of vitamin D.
Eat enough food rich in vitamin D fatty fish, fish oil and egg yolks
NB difference
L V
Osteoporosis Rickets
Affects older people, 70+ Affects young children, 18 months 3 years
Calcium, phosphorous, vitamin D deficiency Vitamin D deficiency
Causes broken bones such as hips Causes bowed, curved legs
3
know ( & be able to use )
FOOD AND NUTRITION
BARE NECESSITIES
A Ms Brits HOW TO guide to key facts and concepts
HIV/AIDS
HIV is a virus that destroys white blood cells that helps your body to fight diseases.
It weakens the immune system.
Symptoms
Healthy for years
Weights loss n
only for aids
Diarrhoea due to mouth
•
sores & diarrhea
Sores in mouth
Management dietary changes
Nutrient Food sources Function
Protein meat, chicken, milk, eggs, soya beans, Build muscle (maintenance of healthy
beans, peas, lentils body weight)
Vitamin A yellow, orange (carrots & pumpkin), red Antioxidant that prevents damage to
fruit and vegetables cells and infections
During infections there is an increased
loss of vitamin A from the body.
Vitamin B6 potatoes, meat, chicken Maintains healthy immune system
Vitamin C citrus fruit, tomatoes Builds immune system
Antioxidant
Vitamin E plant oils, margarine, nuts (fatty foods) Antioxidant
Selenium whole-wheat bread, meat Antioxidant
Zinc whole-wheat bread, meat Builds immune system
Antioxidant
Iron red meat Maintains the immune system
Management lifestyle changes s further compromises weak immune
system
Prepare and handle food hygienically (so that you do not get food poisoning) .
Take vitamin supplements boost immune system
s
No alcohol
Exercise
Antiretroviral (ARVs)
Managing the diet and lifestyle of AIDS patients with a sore mouth > think of it as giving
baby food easy &
'
nutritional
'
.
Choose moist, soft foods, cool or at room temperature, e.g., mashed potatoes, mac&cheese
Avoid sticky foods that are hard to swallow, e.g., peanut butter
Avoid hard and very dry foods. Toast and biscuits should be dipped in milk, tea, juice or soup
Spicy, salty and sour foods as well as fizzy drinks should be avoided.
Managing the diet and lifestyle of AIDS patients with diarrhoea
Water to manage dehydration loss of fluids
s
Low fat - fat worsens diarrhoea
Soluble fibre (beans, peas) stops diarrhoea but insoluble fibre (whole wheat) can make it worse
1
,OSTEOPOROSIS
Reduced bone density
Bones become brittle and break easily (e.g., broken hip)
Causes
The human body builds bone up to the age of about 30 years. After 30 it breaks down faster than it
builds.
Lack of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D in diet
Mostly affects woman
Menstrual status (no period increases risk)
Smoking increases loss of bone density
Too much alcohol prevents the absorption of calcium
Exercise builds bone, no exercise low bone density
Symptoms
Usually later, age 70 +
Broken bones
Bent posture
Prevention and management dietary changes
Nutrient Food source Function
Calcium dairy products (milk, yoghurt) Builds and protects bones
canned fish with edible bones (e.g.,
pilchards)
Phosphorous dairy products (milk, yoghurt) Important for healthy bone development
Vitamin D oily fish (e.g. salmon, tuna and Helps with the absorption of calcium
sardines)
egg yolk
Prevention and management (other) lifestyle changes
Spend time in the sun - sunlight helps the skin to produce vitamin D.
Do not smoke
Avoid excessive use of alcohol prevents absorption of calcium
Do regular weight-bearing exercise such as walking
2
, RICKETS
Mainly affects young children
It causes soft, weak bones
Bones become curved
Due to vitamin D deficiency
Causes (vitamin D deficiency)
Not enough time in the sun
Not enough vitamin D in the diet (fatty fish, egg yolk)
Symptoms
Delayed growth
Thickened wrists and ankles
Breastbone projection
Bowed legs or knock knees
(Kauvery Hospital, 2016)
Prevention and management
Exposure to sunlight provides the best source of vitamin D.
Eat enough food rich in vitamin D fatty fish, fish oil and egg yolks
NB difference
L V
Osteoporosis Rickets
Affects older people, 70+ Affects young children, 18 months 3 years
Calcium, phosphorous, vitamin D deficiency Vitamin D deficiency
Causes broken bones such as hips Causes bowed, curved legs
3
