PATHO: Exam 1 Study Guide
Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology What is pathophysiology
Disease stages, e.g. latent, prodromal, chronic, exacerbation, convalescence, etc.
, Levels of prevention Primary - reduce exposure
Secondary - early detection screening Tertiary - rehabilitative supportive care
Chapter 2: Stress
Vocabulary: Homeostasis, Allostasis, habituation
● Homeostasis - a state of equilibrium, of balance within the organism.
● Fluid and electrolyte imbalance Homeostatic responses refer to systems
◆ physiologic variables.
whose purpose is specifically to normalize selected
● Allostasis - overall process of adaptive change necessary to maintain survival and well-
being.
○ Environment and lifestyle changes
○ Allostasis involves intricate regulatory processes orchestrated by the brain.
○ Allostasis may involve altering multiple physiologic variables to match the
resources of the body to environmental demands.
○ It helps the body achieve homeostasis.
,● Habituation - Adaptation to a stressor
○ Ex. not hearing a buzzing sound
after it has gone on for a long
time.
Stress – what is it, purpose of, what
determines response
● Stress - a physical, chemical, or
emotional factor that produces tension
in the body or the mind
Selye GAP syndrome stages, body’s
responses to stages (alarm, resistance,
exhaustion)
, Mediators of stress, e.g. norepinephrine,
epinephrine, cortisol – what do
they do?
Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology What is pathophysiology
Disease stages, e.g. latent, prodromal, chronic, exacerbation, convalescence, etc.
, Levels of prevention Primary - reduce exposure
Secondary - early detection screening Tertiary - rehabilitative supportive care
Chapter 2: Stress
Vocabulary: Homeostasis, Allostasis, habituation
● Homeostasis - a state of equilibrium, of balance within the organism.
● Fluid and electrolyte imbalance Homeostatic responses refer to systems
◆ physiologic variables.
whose purpose is specifically to normalize selected
● Allostasis - overall process of adaptive change necessary to maintain survival and well-
being.
○ Environment and lifestyle changes
○ Allostasis involves intricate regulatory processes orchestrated by the brain.
○ Allostasis may involve altering multiple physiologic variables to match the
resources of the body to environmental demands.
○ It helps the body achieve homeostasis.
,● Habituation - Adaptation to a stressor
○ Ex. not hearing a buzzing sound
after it has gone on for a long
time.
Stress – what is it, purpose of, what
determines response
● Stress - a physical, chemical, or
emotional factor that produces tension
in the body or the mind
Selye GAP syndrome stages, body’s
responses to stages (alarm, resistance,
exhaustion)
, Mediators of stress, e.g. norepinephrine,
epinephrine, cortisol – what do
they do?
