BIOLOGY 101: CLASS NOTES FOR
UNIT 1 TEST 100% CORRECT
Biology 9-11-18
Study guide: learning objectives, the study guide you create Format: 40 multiple choice
4(and a bonus) short-answer.
Cells are the fundamental units of life
Eukaryotes & bacteria structural difference- organelles
Multi celld eukaryotes have lots of cells 37-39 trillion in humans all derived from a single cell
zygote.
We also have about 50 billion bacteria cells in us, they are essential to our health Most of our
cells are eukaryotes.
Infographic 3.3
Did the ancestral eukaryote have a cell wall? No,
most likely not. Endosymbiosis…
What are mitcochindria dervived from?
Aerobic Bacteria.
What do mitochondria do- what is their function? Extract energy
from glucose – go ober lists of disorders What are chloroplasts
derived from?
Aerobic photosynthetic bacteria
Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA that’s like bacterial DNA Bacteria has
circularal chromosomes and so does chloroplasts and mitochondria.
Observations/predictions powerpoint copy!!! The
big one, “they are like bacteria”
To an order of magnitide..
, BIOLOGY 101: CLASS NOTES FOR
UNIT 1 TEST 100% CORRECT
Why was the hypothesis of the bacterial orgin of eukaryotic organelles so long in being tested??
The endosymbiosis theory bacterium-archaeson- 1. Achael cell englufs bacterium.
3. Bacterium survives, 3. Endosymbiosis both benefit. Look at
a model of the oirgin of eukaryotes.
Which of the following is structure characteristic of all bacteria but not all eukaryotes?
Cell Wall… Animal cells don’t have cell walls.
Infographic 3.1 Antibiotic
1. A single bacterial cell lands on the surface of a nutrient rich plate
2. Nutrients in the plate support the growth and division of bacterial cells. Penicillin’s
mechanism of action is the disruption of cell wall synthesis. How does this kill bacterial cells?
-With a weakend cell wall bacteria in a hypotonic environment swell and burst. Penicillin is
not effective against gram-negative bacteria because of the lipid bilayer
Streptomycin is an antibiotic that kills bacteria by interfering with bacterial ribosomes and
preventing protein synthesis.
Why don’t ribosomes
Five basic mechanisms of antibiotic action against bacterial cells:
1. Inhibition of cell wall synthesis (most common)
2. Inhibition of protein synthesis (second largest)
3. Alteration of cell membranes
4. Inhibitiiin of nucleic acid synthesis
5. Antimetabolite activity
One important class of antibiotics works by disrupting cell membranes Why are
these only used topically.
-they could kill our good bacteria (probiotics) and our bad bacteria. It would mess with our own
cell membrane.
Antibiotic Resistance:
, BIOLOGY 101: CLASS NOTES FOR
UNIT 1 TEST 100% CORRECT
Superbugs: strains of bacteria that are resistant to most sometimes all antibiotics making them
very hard to treat. MRSA. Surgically had to be removed. Cut out all of the infected area.
Natural selection- population of mainly susceptible bacteria with some resistant bacteria leading
for the next generation to be antibiotic resistant.
High number of bacteria. A few of them are resistant to antibiotics. Antibiotic kills pathogenic
bacteria as well as the good bacteria with the body (probiotics). The antibiotic resistant
bacteria noe proliferates without competition. The bacteria can transfer antibiotic-resistance
gene to other bacteria vis plasminds.
The search for new antibiotics:
Examples of biology!!!
1. One day in 1948, a swiss naturalist, George de Mestral went on a
nature hike w his dog. He was curious about the burs attached to his
pants…. 2 years later Velcro was invented!! OBSERVATIONS
2. Why are there bumps on the leading edge of the fins?
To help them swim & cut through the water and reduce drag and turbulence
Now they made wind turbines & large ceiling fans
Someone took this observation and explored it and put it to use in
our world
▪ Creative, analytical thinking involved understanding a system
and being able to make connections between that particular
systems and other systems. It’s more than memorization of
facts… We want to help you develop study skills that allow
you to master both routine and difficult concepts
o The assigned readings are meant to provide background
material.
o We have regular in class quizzes
What is learning?
• Knowing things in a context and being able to do something with it.
, BIOLOGY 101: CLASS NOTES FOR
UNIT 1 TEST 100% CORRECT
• Multiple brains are usually better than one work w a study group!!!
• Harry Crews “I hope you will not do yourself the disservice of
thinking that you are an empty vessel that is my duty to pour full of
knowledge”
• Learning and academic equation:
Intelligence (beyond our control) X Skills X Motivation X Sweat
• These are all under your control. Limited only by lack of desire
etc.
• Take notes by hand for memorization.
• Multitasking lowers test performance!!! multitasking = micro tasking
UNIT 1 TEST 100% CORRECT
Biology 9-11-18
Study guide: learning objectives, the study guide you create Format: 40 multiple choice
4(and a bonus) short-answer.
Cells are the fundamental units of life
Eukaryotes & bacteria structural difference- organelles
Multi celld eukaryotes have lots of cells 37-39 trillion in humans all derived from a single cell
zygote.
We also have about 50 billion bacteria cells in us, they are essential to our health Most of our
cells are eukaryotes.
Infographic 3.3
Did the ancestral eukaryote have a cell wall? No,
most likely not. Endosymbiosis…
What are mitcochindria dervived from?
Aerobic Bacteria.
What do mitochondria do- what is their function? Extract energy
from glucose – go ober lists of disorders What are chloroplasts
derived from?
Aerobic photosynthetic bacteria
Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA that’s like bacterial DNA Bacteria has
circularal chromosomes and so does chloroplasts and mitochondria.
Observations/predictions powerpoint copy!!! The
big one, “they are like bacteria”
To an order of magnitide..
, BIOLOGY 101: CLASS NOTES FOR
UNIT 1 TEST 100% CORRECT
Why was the hypothesis of the bacterial orgin of eukaryotic organelles so long in being tested??
The endosymbiosis theory bacterium-archaeson- 1. Achael cell englufs bacterium.
3. Bacterium survives, 3. Endosymbiosis both benefit. Look at
a model of the oirgin of eukaryotes.
Which of the following is structure characteristic of all bacteria but not all eukaryotes?
Cell Wall… Animal cells don’t have cell walls.
Infographic 3.1 Antibiotic
1. A single bacterial cell lands on the surface of a nutrient rich plate
2. Nutrients in the plate support the growth and division of bacterial cells. Penicillin’s
mechanism of action is the disruption of cell wall synthesis. How does this kill bacterial cells?
-With a weakend cell wall bacteria in a hypotonic environment swell and burst. Penicillin is
not effective against gram-negative bacteria because of the lipid bilayer
Streptomycin is an antibiotic that kills bacteria by interfering with bacterial ribosomes and
preventing protein synthesis.
Why don’t ribosomes
Five basic mechanisms of antibiotic action against bacterial cells:
1. Inhibition of cell wall synthesis (most common)
2. Inhibition of protein synthesis (second largest)
3. Alteration of cell membranes
4. Inhibitiiin of nucleic acid synthesis
5. Antimetabolite activity
One important class of antibiotics works by disrupting cell membranes Why are
these only used topically.
-they could kill our good bacteria (probiotics) and our bad bacteria. It would mess with our own
cell membrane.
Antibiotic Resistance:
, BIOLOGY 101: CLASS NOTES FOR
UNIT 1 TEST 100% CORRECT
Superbugs: strains of bacteria that are resistant to most sometimes all antibiotics making them
very hard to treat. MRSA. Surgically had to be removed. Cut out all of the infected area.
Natural selection- population of mainly susceptible bacteria with some resistant bacteria leading
for the next generation to be antibiotic resistant.
High number of bacteria. A few of them are resistant to antibiotics. Antibiotic kills pathogenic
bacteria as well as the good bacteria with the body (probiotics). The antibiotic resistant
bacteria noe proliferates without competition. The bacteria can transfer antibiotic-resistance
gene to other bacteria vis plasminds.
The search for new antibiotics:
Examples of biology!!!
1. One day in 1948, a swiss naturalist, George de Mestral went on a
nature hike w his dog. He was curious about the burs attached to his
pants…. 2 years later Velcro was invented!! OBSERVATIONS
2. Why are there bumps on the leading edge of the fins?
To help them swim & cut through the water and reduce drag and turbulence
Now they made wind turbines & large ceiling fans
Someone took this observation and explored it and put it to use in
our world
▪ Creative, analytical thinking involved understanding a system
and being able to make connections between that particular
systems and other systems. It’s more than memorization of
facts… We want to help you develop study skills that allow
you to master both routine and difficult concepts
o The assigned readings are meant to provide background
material.
o We have regular in class quizzes
What is learning?
• Knowing things in a context and being able to do something with it.
, BIOLOGY 101: CLASS NOTES FOR
UNIT 1 TEST 100% CORRECT
• Multiple brains are usually better than one work w a study group!!!
• Harry Crews “I hope you will not do yourself the disservice of
thinking that you are an empty vessel that is my duty to pour full of
knowledge”
• Learning and academic equation:
Intelligence (beyond our control) X Skills X Motivation X Sweat
• These are all under your control. Limited only by lack of desire
etc.
• Take notes by hand for memorization.
• Multitasking lowers test performance!!! multitasking = micro tasking
