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Good Humor Hypothesis DISEASE
Health, for a long time, was considered as When the functioning of one or more
a state of body and mind where there was a organs or systems of the body is adversely
balance of certain ‘humors’.This is what early affected, characterised by various signs and
Greeks like Hippocrates (Father of medicine ) symptoms, we called it as disease.
as well as Indian Ayurveda system of medicine
asserted. Diseases can be broadly grouped into
• It was thought that persons with ‘blackbile’ infectious and non-infectious.
belonged to hot personality and would have
fevers. 1-Infectious disease
• The discovery of blood circulation by William Diseases which are easily transmitted
Harvey using experimental method and the from one person to another are called infectious
demonstration of normal body temperature in diseases.
persons with blackbile using thermometer Eg : AIDS
disproved the ‘good humor’ hypothesis of 2-Non infectious disease
health Diseases which are not easily transmitted
• health is affected by from one person to another
(i) genetic disorders – deficiencies with which a Eg : cancer
child is born and deficiencies/defects which the
child inherits from parents from birth; 3DWKRJHQV
(ii) infections The disease causing organisms are called
(iii) life style including food and water we take, pathogens.
rest and exercise we give to our bodies, habits that Eg: bacteria, virus, protozoan, helminthes, fungus
we have or lack etc. • The pathogens can enter our body by various
means, multiply and interfere with normal
HEALTH vital activities, resulting in morphological and
functional damage.
According to WHO (1948)-health is a • Pathogens have to adapt to life within the
state of complete physical, mental and social well- environment of the host. For example, the
being. Health also increases longevity of people pathogens that enter the gut must know a way
and reduces infant and maternal mortality. of surviving in the stomach at low pH and
How to achieve Good health resisting the various digestive enzymes.
• Balanced diet, personal hygiene and regular • Etiology :The study of the causes of disease
exercise are very important to maintain good
health
• Yoga has been practised since time
immemorial to achieve physical and mental
health.
• Awareness about diseases and their effect on
different bodily functions, vaccination
(immunisation) against infectious diseases.
• proper disposal of wastes, control of vectors
and maintenance of hygienic food and water
resources
EĂǀĂƐĐŚĞĞŵĂĚĂŶ ŶĂǀĂƐϵϴϵϱΛŐŵĂŝů͘ĐŽŵ
, EĂǀĂƐĐŚĞĞŵĂĚĂŶ
COMMON DISEASES IN HUMANS TB(Tuberculosis) Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
A)Bacterial disease Cholera Vibrio cholera
It include Typhoid fever, pneumonia, Whooping cough Bordetella pertusis
Dysentery, plague, diphtheria, TB, cholera, (Pertusis)
Leprosy, Whooping cough, gonorrhoea • DPT vaccine (Triple antigen ) is used
against dipheria, pertusis and tetanus
a)Typhoid fever • Tetanus is also called lock jaw disease
• 3DWKRJHQ
Salmonella typhi • World TB day-24th march
• 3DUW RI WKH ERG\ LW LQIHFW
These • Anti leprosy day-30th January
pathogens generally enter the small intestine • Worlds 1st anti leprosy vaccine (Leprovac)
through food and water contaminated with developed by national institute of
them and migrate to other organs through immunology-New Delhi
blood.
• 6\PSWRPV
Sustained high fever (39° to B) Viral disease
40°C), weakness, stomach pain, constipation, It include Common cold, AIDS, Chicken Pox,
headache and loss of appetite are some of the Small pox, Polio, Rabies, Mumps,
common symptoms of this disease. Intestinal a)Common cold
perforation and death may occur in severe • 3DWKRJHQ
Rhino viruses (It represent one
cases. such group of viruses which cause one of the
• 6SUHDG
Contaminated food and water most infectious human ailments – the common
cold).
• 7HVW
Typhoid fever could be confirmed by
• 3DUWRIWKHERG\LWLQIHFW
They infect
Widal test.
the nose and respiratory passage but not the
Mary Mallon : A classic case in medicine, that of
lungs.
Mary Mallon nicknamed Typhoid Mary, is worth
mentioning here. She was a cook by profession • 6\PSWRPV
nasal congestion and discharge,
and was a typhoid carrier who continued to spread sore throat, hoarseness, cough, headache,
typhoid for several years through the food she tiredness, etc., which usually last for 3-7 days.
prepared • 6SUHDG
Droplets resulting from cough or
b)Pneumonia sneezes of an infected person are either
• 3DWKRJHQ
Streptococcus pneumonia inhaled directly or transmitted through
Haemophilus influenza contaminated objects such as pens, books,
• 3DUW RI WKH ERG\ LW LQIHFW
alveoli (air cups, doorknobs, computer keyboard or
filled sacs) of the lungs. As a result of the mouse, etc., and cause infection in a healthy
infection, the alveoli get filled with fluid person.
leading to severe problems in respiration.
b) AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.)
• 6\PSWRPV
fever, chills, cough and
• 3DWKRJHQ
headache. In severe cases, the lips and finger
nails may turn gray to bluish in colour. HIV (Human immuno deficiency virus )-HIV was 1st
isolated by Luc Montagnier
• 6SUHDG
A healthy person acquires the • 3DUWRIWKHERG\LWLQIHFW
infection by inhaling the droplets/aerosols helper T lymphocyte
released by an infected person or even by
sharing glasses and utensils with an infected • 6\PSWRPV
person. • progressive decrease in the number of
helper T lymphocytes. During this period,
Disease Bacterial Pathogen
the person suffers from bouts of fever,
Dysentery Shigella
diarrhoea and weight loss..
Plague (Black death) Yersinea pestis
• Due to decrease in the number of helper T
Diphtheria Corynebacterium
lymphocytes, the person starts suffering from
dipheriae
infections that could have been otherwise
Leprosy (Hansen’s Mycobacterium
overcome such as those due to bacteria
disease) leprae
EĂǀĂƐĐŚĞĞŵĂĚĂŶ ŶĂǀĂƐϵϴϵϱΛŐŵĂŝů͘ĐŽŵ
,hDE,
>d,E/^
^
Good Humor Hypothesis DISEASE
Health, for a long time, was considered as When the functioning of one or more
a state of body and mind where there was a organs or systems of the body is adversely
balance of certain ‘humors’.This is what early affected, characterised by various signs and
Greeks like Hippocrates (Father of medicine ) symptoms, we called it as disease.
as well as Indian Ayurveda system of medicine
asserted. Diseases can be broadly grouped into
• It was thought that persons with ‘blackbile’ infectious and non-infectious.
belonged to hot personality and would have
fevers. 1-Infectious disease
• The discovery of blood circulation by William Diseases which are easily transmitted
Harvey using experimental method and the from one person to another are called infectious
demonstration of normal body temperature in diseases.
persons with blackbile using thermometer Eg : AIDS
disproved the ‘good humor’ hypothesis of 2-Non infectious disease
health Diseases which are not easily transmitted
• health is affected by from one person to another
(i) genetic disorders – deficiencies with which a Eg : cancer
child is born and deficiencies/defects which the
child inherits from parents from birth; 3DWKRJHQV
(ii) infections The disease causing organisms are called
(iii) life style including food and water we take, pathogens.
rest and exercise we give to our bodies, habits that Eg: bacteria, virus, protozoan, helminthes, fungus
we have or lack etc. • The pathogens can enter our body by various
means, multiply and interfere with normal
HEALTH vital activities, resulting in morphological and
functional damage.
According to WHO (1948)-health is a • Pathogens have to adapt to life within the
state of complete physical, mental and social well- environment of the host. For example, the
being. Health also increases longevity of people pathogens that enter the gut must know a way
and reduces infant and maternal mortality. of surviving in the stomach at low pH and
How to achieve Good health resisting the various digestive enzymes.
• Balanced diet, personal hygiene and regular • Etiology :The study of the causes of disease
exercise are very important to maintain good
health
• Yoga has been practised since time
immemorial to achieve physical and mental
health.
• Awareness about diseases and their effect on
different bodily functions, vaccination
(immunisation) against infectious diseases.
• proper disposal of wastes, control of vectors
and maintenance of hygienic food and water
resources
EĂǀĂƐĐŚĞĞŵĂĚĂŶ ŶĂǀĂƐϵϴϵϱΛŐŵĂŝů͘ĐŽŵ
, EĂǀĂƐĐŚĞĞŵĂĚĂŶ
COMMON DISEASES IN HUMANS TB(Tuberculosis) Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
A)Bacterial disease Cholera Vibrio cholera
It include Typhoid fever, pneumonia, Whooping cough Bordetella pertusis
Dysentery, plague, diphtheria, TB, cholera, (Pertusis)
Leprosy, Whooping cough, gonorrhoea • DPT vaccine (Triple antigen ) is used
against dipheria, pertusis and tetanus
a)Typhoid fever • Tetanus is also called lock jaw disease
• 3DWKRJHQ
Salmonella typhi • World TB day-24th march
• 3DUW RI WKH ERG\ LW LQIHFW
These • Anti leprosy day-30th January
pathogens generally enter the small intestine • Worlds 1st anti leprosy vaccine (Leprovac)
through food and water contaminated with developed by national institute of
them and migrate to other organs through immunology-New Delhi
blood.
• 6\PSWRPV
Sustained high fever (39° to B) Viral disease
40°C), weakness, stomach pain, constipation, It include Common cold, AIDS, Chicken Pox,
headache and loss of appetite are some of the Small pox, Polio, Rabies, Mumps,
common symptoms of this disease. Intestinal a)Common cold
perforation and death may occur in severe • 3DWKRJHQ
Rhino viruses (It represent one
cases. such group of viruses which cause one of the
• 6SUHDG
Contaminated food and water most infectious human ailments – the common
cold).
• 7HVW
Typhoid fever could be confirmed by
• 3DUWRIWKHERG\LWLQIHFW
They infect
Widal test.
the nose and respiratory passage but not the
Mary Mallon : A classic case in medicine, that of
lungs.
Mary Mallon nicknamed Typhoid Mary, is worth
mentioning here. She was a cook by profession • 6\PSWRPV
nasal congestion and discharge,
and was a typhoid carrier who continued to spread sore throat, hoarseness, cough, headache,
typhoid for several years through the food she tiredness, etc., which usually last for 3-7 days.
prepared • 6SUHDG
Droplets resulting from cough or
b)Pneumonia sneezes of an infected person are either
• 3DWKRJHQ
Streptococcus pneumonia inhaled directly or transmitted through
Haemophilus influenza contaminated objects such as pens, books,
• 3DUW RI WKH ERG\ LW LQIHFW
alveoli (air cups, doorknobs, computer keyboard or
filled sacs) of the lungs. As a result of the mouse, etc., and cause infection in a healthy
infection, the alveoli get filled with fluid person.
leading to severe problems in respiration.
b) AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.)
• 6\PSWRPV
fever, chills, cough and
• 3DWKRJHQ
headache. In severe cases, the lips and finger
nails may turn gray to bluish in colour. HIV (Human immuno deficiency virus )-HIV was 1st
isolated by Luc Montagnier
• 6SUHDG
A healthy person acquires the • 3DUWRIWKHERG\LWLQIHFW
infection by inhaling the droplets/aerosols helper T lymphocyte
released by an infected person or even by
sharing glasses and utensils with an infected • 6\PSWRPV
person. • progressive decrease in the number of
helper T lymphocytes. During this period,
Disease Bacterial Pathogen
the person suffers from bouts of fever,
Dysentery Shigella
diarrhoea and weight loss..
Plague (Black death) Yersinea pestis
• Due to decrease in the number of helper T
Diphtheria Corynebacterium
lymphocytes, the person starts suffering from
dipheriae
infections that could have been otherwise
Leprosy (Hansen’s Mycobacterium
overcome such as those due to bacteria
disease) leprae
EĂǀĂƐĐŚĞĞŵĂĚĂŶ ŶĂǀĂƐϵϴϵϱΛŐŵĂŝů͘ĐŽŵ
