www.UPSCPDF.com
HISTORY ©Government of Tamil Nadu
First Edition - 2007
Chairperson
Higher Secondary - Second Year Dr. N. Rajendran
Professor of History,
Bharathidasan University,
Trichy - 24.
Prepared as per recommendation of the
Textbook Development Committee, this New Textbook is
prepared according to the Syllabus published in 2003-04.
Reviewer
Dr. K.Bharathi,
A Publication under Government of Reader in History
Tamilnadu Distribution of Pachaiyappa’s College,
Free Textbook Programme Chennai - 30.
(Not for Sale)
Authors
Dr. Shanthi Jubilee Tmt S.K. Rajeswari
Untouchability is a sin P.G. Asst. Headmistress (History) P.G. Asst. (History)
Untouchability is a crime C.S.I. Northwick (G) Hr. Sec.School Govt. Hr. Sec.School
Royapuram, West Mambalam,
Untouchability is inhuman Chennai - 13. Ashok Nagar, (Pudur)
Chennai - 83.
Price : Rs.
This book has been prepared by the Directorate of
School Education on behalf of the Government of Tamil Nadu.
TAMILNADU
TEXT BOOK CORPORATION This book has been printed on 60 GSM Paper
College Road, Chennai - 600 006.
, www.UPSCPDF.com
FOREWORD PREFACE
Academics, parents and the educational media have represented The XII History book is the ollective effort of the committee
to the Government of Tamil Nadu, to reform the Plus one and Plus two constituted for this purpose. The committee while writing this text book
text books, which were introduced in the academic year 2005-06. Our
beloved Chief Minister, who has always been evincing keen interest in has kept in mind the requirements of the students based on the guidelines
educational development, immediately constituted a “Text Book given in the syllabus. Since the plus Two History book deals with Modern
Development Committee” under the Chairmanship of the Vice-Chairman, India. Contemporary India, Modern World and Contemporary World latest
State Planning Commission, Government of Tamil Nadu. information available is included for the benefit of the students.
The Text Book Development Committee solicited opinion from
The area covered in the syllabus is indeed comprehensive. The
lecturers and professors from Higher Secondary Schools, Colleges and
Universities, Chairpersons and authors of text books. After perusing the entire modern Indian History and major events of world history are dealt
opinions, the Text Book Development Committee, decided not to change with. While writing these lessons care was taken to the present facts.
ths syllabi, but recommended suitable changes in the text books. However, it is not possible to provide all the facts. Hence, the main
In particular, it was proposed to rewrite the History text book, and yardstick used was to provide the important facts necessary for gaining
accepting this proposal, this text book is rewritten by experienced and knowledge.
efficient teachers.
The lessons of the book are arranged as per the syllabus guidelines.
We are pleased to place on record our sincere gratitude to our The facts and figures provided in this book are based on credible sources.
beloved Chief Minister. Our thanks are due to Hon’ble Minister for School
At the end of each lesson questions are given. These questions are only
Education, Secretary and Director, Department of School Education,
Government of Tamil Nadu for their valuable support and suggestions. illustrative examples and serve as the model. The model questions
test the descriptive and analytical abilities of the students. However, the
We thank, lecturers and Professors from Higher Secondary
students ought to go through the entire text of the book in order to gain
Schools, Colleges and Universities, Chairpersons and authors of text
books, non-teaching staff of edcuation department and State Planning knowledge of the subject.
Commission for their help at various stages in this endeavor.
I take this opportunity to thank all those who are connected with
We wish the students to learn and perform well in the examinations. the writing of this book.
Prof. M. Naganathan Dr. N. RAJENDRAN
Chairman Chairperson
Text Book Development Committee XII History
Government of Tamil Nadu
iii iv
, www.UPSCPDF.com
STANDARD XII - HISTORY Unit IV
7. India’s Freedom Movement (First two phases) -
SYLLABUS Emergence - Growth - Moderates - Extremists -
Periods
Minto - Morley Reforms - Home Rule Movement –
Unit I
Montagu - Chelmsford Reforms 15
1. India under East India Company’s Rule -
8. India’s Freedom Movement (Gandhian Period) -
Administration - Charter Acts - Expansion
Non-Co-operation Movement - Swarajya Party -
policy - Colonial and Economic policies 10
Simon Commission - Salt Satyagraha -
Round Table Conferences - Gandhi - Irwin Pact –
2. Education under the Company’s Rule - Social and
Individual Satyagraha - Cripps Mission -Quit India
Modernisation Reforms introduced by British
Movement etc.) 15
Governors - General (Reforms of Bentinck
and Dalhousie) 10 9. Role of Tamil Nadu in India’s Freedom Movement
(Justice Party’s Rule, Congress Movement) 15
Unit II
Unit V
3. British Rule in Tamil Nadu - Palayakkarar
Rebellion - Vellore Mutiny 10 10. India after Independence - Social, Economic,
Scientific and Technological Progress -
4. The Great Revolt of 1857 - Causes - Results - Foreign Policy (1947 - 2000) 10
First War of Indian Independence - End of
Company’s Rule - Queen’s Proclamation 10 Unit VI
11. Renaissance - Discovery of Sea Routes -
Unit III Reformation - Counter Reformation 15
5. Socio - Religious Reform Movements in the 12. American War of Independence -
19th century India (Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj, French Revolution - Causes and Results 10
Theosophical Society, Ramakrishna Movement,
Muslim, Parsi and Sikh Reform Movements) Unit VII
6. Changes in Indian Administration after 1858 13. Industrial and Agrarian Revolutions -
(1861 Act - Ripon- 1892 Act-Administrative Causes – Results 10
Reforms under Lord Curzon and their effects)
v vi
, www.UPSCPDF.com
14. Spread of Colonialism - Imperialism - CONTENTS
First World War - Russian Revolution MODERN INDIAN HISTORY
League of Nations 15 Sub. Page
No. No.
Unit VIII
1. India Under the English East India Company: 1
15. Rise of Fascism and Nazism -
Warren Hastings (1772-1785)
Second World War - Causes - Results 10
2. Lord Cornwallis (1786-1793) 15
Unit IX 3. The Marquess of Wellesley (1798-1805) 24
16. Growth of Asian Nations - China and Japan 4. Lord Hastings (1813-1823) 37
after Second World War 15 5. Lord William Bentinck (1828-1835) 46
6. Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856) 56
Unit X 7. Revenue Administration and Economic
17. U.N.O and its role in World Peace. 10 Policy of the British 66
8. Educational and Social Reforms 76
18. Cold Wars - Super Powers - Regional Security
9. Palayakkarar Rebellion 86
Agreements (NATO,”SEATO and Warsaw Pact) -
Growth of Atomic Weapons - Missiles - Peace 10. Vellore Mutiny 95
Efforts - Fall of Socialist States - Liberalisation – 11. The Great Revolt of 1857 102
Globalisation - World Today. 15 12. British India After 1858: Lord Lytton (1876-1880),
Lord Ripon (1880-1884) And Lord Curzon (1899-1905) 114
13. Socio-Religious Reform Movements 125
14. Indian National Movement (1885-1905) 139
15. Indian National Movement (1905-1916) 148
16. The Indian National Movement (1917-1947) 158
17. Role of Tamil Nadu in the Indian National Movement 177
18. The Justice Party Rule 186
19. Constitutional Development (1858 – 1947) 194
20. India After Independence 206
vii viii
HISTORY ©Government of Tamil Nadu
First Edition - 2007
Chairperson
Higher Secondary - Second Year Dr. N. Rajendran
Professor of History,
Bharathidasan University,
Trichy - 24.
Prepared as per recommendation of the
Textbook Development Committee, this New Textbook is
prepared according to the Syllabus published in 2003-04.
Reviewer
Dr. K.Bharathi,
A Publication under Government of Reader in History
Tamilnadu Distribution of Pachaiyappa’s College,
Free Textbook Programme Chennai - 30.
(Not for Sale)
Authors
Dr. Shanthi Jubilee Tmt S.K. Rajeswari
Untouchability is a sin P.G. Asst. Headmistress (History) P.G. Asst. (History)
Untouchability is a crime C.S.I. Northwick (G) Hr. Sec.School Govt. Hr. Sec.School
Royapuram, West Mambalam,
Untouchability is inhuman Chennai - 13. Ashok Nagar, (Pudur)
Chennai - 83.
Price : Rs.
This book has been prepared by the Directorate of
School Education on behalf of the Government of Tamil Nadu.
TAMILNADU
TEXT BOOK CORPORATION This book has been printed on 60 GSM Paper
College Road, Chennai - 600 006.
, www.UPSCPDF.com
FOREWORD PREFACE
Academics, parents and the educational media have represented The XII History book is the ollective effort of the committee
to the Government of Tamil Nadu, to reform the Plus one and Plus two constituted for this purpose. The committee while writing this text book
text books, which were introduced in the academic year 2005-06. Our
beloved Chief Minister, who has always been evincing keen interest in has kept in mind the requirements of the students based on the guidelines
educational development, immediately constituted a “Text Book given in the syllabus. Since the plus Two History book deals with Modern
Development Committee” under the Chairmanship of the Vice-Chairman, India. Contemporary India, Modern World and Contemporary World latest
State Planning Commission, Government of Tamil Nadu. information available is included for the benefit of the students.
The Text Book Development Committee solicited opinion from
The area covered in the syllabus is indeed comprehensive. The
lecturers and professors from Higher Secondary Schools, Colleges and
Universities, Chairpersons and authors of text books. After perusing the entire modern Indian History and major events of world history are dealt
opinions, the Text Book Development Committee, decided not to change with. While writing these lessons care was taken to the present facts.
ths syllabi, but recommended suitable changes in the text books. However, it is not possible to provide all the facts. Hence, the main
In particular, it was proposed to rewrite the History text book, and yardstick used was to provide the important facts necessary for gaining
accepting this proposal, this text book is rewritten by experienced and knowledge.
efficient teachers.
The lessons of the book are arranged as per the syllabus guidelines.
We are pleased to place on record our sincere gratitude to our The facts and figures provided in this book are based on credible sources.
beloved Chief Minister. Our thanks are due to Hon’ble Minister for School
At the end of each lesson questions are given. These questions are only
Education, Secretary and Director, Department of School Education,
Government of Tamil Nadu for their valuable support and suggestions. illustrative examples and serve as the model. The model questions
test the descriptive and analytical abilities of the students. However, the
We thank, lecturers and Professors from Higher Secondary
students ought to go through the entire text of the book in order to gain
Schools, Colleges and Universities, Chairpersons and authors of text
books, non-teaching staff of edcuation department and State Planning knowledge of the subject.
Commission for their help at various stages in this endeavor.
I take this opportunity to thank all those who are connected with
We wish the students to learn and perform well in the examinations. the writing of this book.
Prof. M. Naganathan Dr. N. RAJENDRAN
Chairman Chairperson
Text Book Development Committee XII History
Government of Tamil Nadu
iii iv
, www.UPSCPDF.com
STANDARD XII - HISTORY Unit IV
7. India’s Freedom Movement (First two phases) -
SYLLABUS Emergence - Growth - Moderates - Extremists -
Periods
Minto - Morley Reforms - Home Rule Movement –
Unit I
Montagu - Chelmsford Reforms 15
1. India under East India Company’s Rule -
8. India’s Freedom Movement (Gandhian Period) -
Administration - Charter Acts - Expansion
Non-Co-operation Movement - Swarajya Party -
policy - Colonial and Economic policies 10
Simon Commission - Salt Satyagraha -
Round Table Conferences - Gandhi - Irwin Pact –
2. Education under the Company’s Rule - Social and
Individual Satyagraha - Cripps Mission -Quit India
Modernisation Reforms introduced by British
Movement etc.) 15
Governors - General (Reforms of Bentinck
and Dalhousie) 10 9. Role of Tamil Nadu in India’s Freedom Movement
(Justice Party’s Rule, Congress Movement) 15
Unit II
Unit V
3. British Rule in Tamil Nadu - Palayakkarar
Rebellion - Vellore Mutiny 10 10. India after Independence - Social, Economic,
Scientific and Technological Progress -
4. The Great Revolt of 1857 - Causes - Results - Foreign Policy (1947 - 2000) 10
First War of Indian Independence - End of
Company’s Rule - Queen’s Proclamation 10 Unit VI
11. Renaissance - Discovery of Sea Routes -
Unit III Reformation - Counter Reformation 15
5. Socio - Religious Reform Movements in the 12. American War of Independence -
19th century India (Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj, French Revolution - Causes and Results 10
Theosophical Society, Ramakrishna Movement,
Muslim, Parsi and Sikh Reform Movements) Unit VII
6. Changes in Indian Administration after 1858 13. Industrial and Agrarian Revolutions -
(1861 Act - Ripon- 1892 Act-Administrative Causes – Results 10
Reforms under Lord Curzon and their effects)
v vi
, www.UPSCPDF.com
14. Spread of Colonialism - Imperialism - CONTENTS
First World War - Russian Revolution MODERN INDIAN HISTORY
League of Nations 15 Sub. Page
No. No.
Unit VIII
1. India Under the English East India Company: 1
15. Rise of Fascism and Nazism -
Warren Hastings (1772-1785)
Second World War - Causes - Results 10
2. Lord Cornwallis (1786-1793) 15
Unit IX 3. The Marquess of Wellesley (1798-1805) 24
16. Growth of Asian Nations - China and Japan 4. Lord Hastings (1813-1823) 37
after Second World War 15 5. Lord William Bentinck (1828-1835) 46
6. Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856) 56
Unit X 7. Revenue Administration and Economic
17. U.N.O and its role in World Peace. 10 Policy of the British 66
8. Educational and Social Reforms 76
18. Cold Wars - Super Powers - Regional Security
9. Palayakkarar Rebellion 86
Agreements (NATO,”SEATO and Warsaw Pact) -
Growth of Atomic Weapons - Missiles - Peace 10. Vellore Mutiny 95
Efforts - Fall of Socialist States - Liberalisation – 11. The Great Revolt of 1857 102
Globalisation - World Today. 15 12. British India After 1858: Lord Lytton (1876-1880),
Lord Ripon (1880-1884) And Lord Curzon (1899-1905) 114
13. Socio-Religious Reform Movements 125
14. Indian National Movement (1885-1905) 139
15. Indian National Movement (1905-1916) 148
16. The Indian National Movement (1917-1947) 158
17. Role of Tamil Nadu in the Indian National Movement 177
18. The Justice Party Rule 186
19. Constitutional Development (1858 – 1947) 194
20. India After Independence 206
vii viii
