ADVANCE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Why the patient is presenting with the specific symptoms described There are different factors that may have made the patient to present the symptoms described. Hypersensitivity or severe allergic reaction to amoxicillin drugs makes a patient to have symptoms such as difficulty breathing, swelling of lips and tongue, and audible wheezing. Such symptoms can be brought about by Amoxicillin. Children and people with drug allergy are likely can experience such symptoms after taking amoxicillin (McCance, & Huether, 2019). Considering the age of the patient (16 years), it is likely that he was allergic to amoxicillin. The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred When exposed to specific allergen, individual with hypersensitivity can produce immune globulin known as IgE or a specific antibody. The produced antibodies are Basophils binds that are white blood cells found in the blood streams. The Basophils are found in the mast cells of the blood vessels and streams. In case of allergens exposure at the second time, the allergens or the antibody go and join together with these attached to the blood stream causing antibody-antigens reactions. The reaction causes a break to the basophils or the mast cells. After the break, the inflammatory mediators like cytokines and histamine are released. The inflammatory mediators makes the bronchioles smooth muscles to contact. The contraction of the muscles in turn causes breathing difficulties and wheezing. The contraction of muscles is also responsible for the vasodilation that leads to leakage of fluids from the blood streams or vessels. The leakage of fluids makes a child or an adult to experience edema and swelling (Story, 2020). The contraction of muscles, formation of basophils, and reaction of antigen and antibodies made the 16 year old This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :47:27 GMT -06:00 ADVANCE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 3 boy to experience these highlighted symptoms. The cells that are involved in this process. The cells that are involved or affected in an allergic reaction include basophils, eosinophil and mast cells. The mast cells are responsible for bringing up or releasing mediators that assist in removing items that cause allergy to an individual. For example, in case a person is allergic to dust or pollen, the mast cells produces histamine which makes an individual to sneeze and do away with the dust or pollen. When an individual has MCAS, the mast cells produces and releases mediators too often and frequently. Other mediators released by mast cells include cytokines, granulocyte macrophage, colony-stimulating factor, heparin, leukotriene, proteases, and histamine among others (McCance, & Huether, 2019). The chemical mediators causes the symptoms of allergy. The basophils carries out important roles in IgE independent and IgE dependent allergic inflammation. The cells migrate or move to the site of inflammation and areas with some mediators such as chemokine, proteases, and cytokines among others. In response to different allergies or stimuli, the basophils produces IL-4 in large volumes. Eosinophil is a certain type of white blood cells. The condition whereby an individual has many eosinophil is referred to as eosinophilia (Gaze, 2018). The eosinophil is associated pathologically with atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, certain eye diseases and eosinophilia gastroenteritis. How another characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) would change your response. Another characteristic would change the response in different ways. If the health care provider had prescribed an antibiotic to the 16 years boy, the response would be different. It is important for the physician to assess the patient and carry out an antibiotic test before prescribing and administering. One of the characteristics shows infectious disease symptoms and another a