NR-602-Midterm-Study-Guide.pdf

NR 602 Midterm Study Guide If time allows, please add which book and page number :) ● [Morgan] Signs of Pregnancy Women’s Health p774 ○ TABLE 29-1 Presumptive, Probable, and Positive Signs of Pregnancy Sign Clinical Findings Presumptive (subjective signs) Amenorrhea, nausea, vomiting, increased urinary frequency, excessive fatigue, breast tenderness, quickening at 18–20 weeks Probable (objective signs) Goodell sign (softening of cervix) Chadwick sign (cervix is blue/purple) Hegar’s sign (softening of lower uterine segment) Uterine enlargement Braxton Hicks contractions (may be palpated by 28 weeks) Uterine soufflé (soft blowing sound due to blood pulsating through the placenta) Integumentary pigment changes Ballottement, fetal outline definable, positive pregnancy test (could be hydatidiform mole, choriocarcinoma, increased pituitary gonadotropins at menopause) Positive (diagnostic) Fetal heart rate auscultated by fetoscope at 17–20 weeks or by Doppler at 10–12 weeks Palpable fetal outline and fetal movement after 20 weeks Visualization of fetus with cardiac activity by ultrasound (fetal parts visible by 8 weeks) ● [Morgan] Pregnancy and fundal height measurement Women’s Health p774 ○ At 12 weeks’ gestation, the fundus is located at the level of the symphysis pubis. ○ By week 16, it rises to midway between symphysis pubis and the umbilicus. ○ By 20 weeks’ gestation, the fundus is typically at the same height as the umbilicus. ○ Until term, the fundus enlarges approximately 1 cm per week. As the time for birth approaches, the fundal height drops slightly. This process, which is commonly called lightening, occurs for a woman who is a primigravida around 38 weeks’ gestation but may not occur for the woman who is a multigravida until she goes into labor