Synoptic/Rational Planning Incrementalism Transactive (Communication) Advocacy Plan
What Steps do planners follow for an ideal How should people talk and interact with each
How do planners plan in real life? Whose Interest do plan
planning process? other.
Taylor, Mc Loughlin, Geddes Lindblom 1959 Habermas, Healey, Huxley, Arnstein Davidoff
Recognition of power relations and practical
1rst Step by Step concept for planning Critic on synoptic Proposal of inclusivity in plann
oriented solutions
Post WW II till 70s till today 1960s 1960s
Modernist, Quantitate revolution: planning Post-modernist Post-modernist post-modernist, urban restruc
from art to science disadvantaging black neighbo
Planning as scientific, technical work following Planning as experiential and politically Planning as communicative action of Planning as chance for plurali
instrumental rationality interactive governance politics and urban democracy
Blueprint (Physical) planning was not wicked problems + limited resources + Modernism as a totalizing discourse and the Reinforcement of values and
considering the interconnectedness of cities and knowledge + politics push and tug role of the planner privileged via synoptic, techni
treated them as aesthetic objects → synoptic unrealistic → synoptic not value neutral
→ Plural of public interest
→ planners go for the optimal solution → planners go for what’s good enough → planners as facilitators of social learning as → planners as facilitator of al
Goals are partially achieved communicative rationality (communicative decentralized plan creation
action)
“on-going, cybernetic process of governance” Branch Approach: to repeat endlessly the Healey: interactive process in governance citizen activation via the plann
sequence of successive limited comparisons activity concerned with qualities of places multiple plans and come to ju
Goals are centrally given and achieved Experience > theory Collaborative Goals are negotiated and crea
to advise politicians and legitimize planning in Ends and means are interdependent Primacy of direct collective action from below inclusive view + practice in pla
the public interest (collective action, planning as a form of politics,
political education: informed
Rely on experience to predict the future seeking transformative processes)
understand and articulate the
System view: Urban Change and developments of different policies
→urban democracy
Interconnectedness (Mc Loughlin) Habermas: Ideal speech situation:
Advocate in court:
+ Theories are not made forever, and small steps • open agenda, free access, all claims and
counter claims can be freely examined Representing an interest grou
Rational Process: Problem/Goal, Alternative, use what is there, planning not scientific
• no asymmetries of knowledge and power values
Evaluation (quantitative), Implementation,
• social atmosphere that encourages expression → “comprehensive social plan
Monitoring A good plan finds quick consensus of different
of feelings, to question and examine feelings conflict between planner and
groups for small solutions embodying different
Steps (Black): goals in the same mean Communicative Planning:
What Steps do planners follow for an ideal How should people talk and interact with each
How do planners plan in real life? Whose Interest do plan
planning process? other.
Taylor, Mc Loughlin, Geddes Lindblom 1959 Habermas, Healey, Huxley, Arnstein Davidoff
Recognition of power relations and practical
1rst Step by Step concept for planning Critic on synoptic Proposal of inclusivity in plann
oriented solutions
Post WW II till 70s till today 1960s 1960s
Modernist, Quantitate revolution: planning Post-modernist Post-modernist post-modernist, urban restruc
from art to science disadvantaging black neighbo
Planning as scientific, technical work following Planning as experiential and politically Planning as communicative action of Planning as chance for plurali
instrumental rationality interactive governance politics and urban democracy
Blueprint (Physical) planning was not wicked problems + limited resources + Modernism as a totalizing discourse and the Reinforcement of values and
considering the interconnectedness of cities and knowledge + politics push and tug role of the planner privileged via synoptic, techni
treated them as aesthetic objects → synoptic unrealistic → synoptic not value neutral
→ Plural of public interest
→ planners go for the optimal solution → planners go for what’s good enough → planners as facilitators of social learning as → planners as facilitator of al
Goals are partially achieved communicative rationality (communicative decentralized plan creation
action)
“on-going, cybernetic process of governance” Branch Approach: to repeat endlessly the Healey: interactive process in governance citizen activation via the plann
sequence of successive limited comparisons activity concerned with qualities of places multiple plans and come to ju
Goals are centrally given and achieved Experience > theory Collaborative Goals are negotiated and crea
to advise politicians and legitimize planning in Ends and means are interdependent Primacy of direct collective action from below inclusive view + practice in pla
the public interest (collective action, planning as a form of politics,
political education: informed
Rely on experience to predict the future seeking transformative processes)
understand and articulate the
System view: Urban Change and developments of different policies
→urban democracy
Interconnectedness (Mc Loughlin) Habermas: Ideal speech situation:
Advocate in court:
+ Theories are not made forever, and small steps • open agenda, free access, all claims and
counter claims can be freely examined Representing an interest grou
Rational Process: Problem/Goal, Alternative, use what is there, planning not scientific
• no asymmetries of knowledge and power values
Evaluation (quantitative), Implementation,
• social atmosphere that encourages expression → “comprehensive social plan
Monitoring A good plan finds quick consensus of different
of feelings, to question and examine feelings conflict between planner and
groups for small solutions embodying different
Steps (Black): goals in the same mean Communicative Planning:
