Consumer Studies
IEB: November 2020 Exam
Grade 11
Read over consumerism - It is not really asked.
Food & Nutrition
Nutrients are the building blocks of whole foods and have specific functions in
the human body.
We need 40 nutrients in various quantities for energy, growth, repair and
maintenance of body tissues.
Nutrients are classified in 2 groups: Micronutrients and Macronutrients.
> Macronutrients are needed in large quantities: Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids
and water.
> Micronutrients are needed in smaller quantities: Vitamins and minerals.
MACRONUTRIENT WHAT IS IT? SOURCE FUNCTION
Protein Made up of 2 things. Plants: Legumes, seeds Forms all parts of body
Essential amino acids: and nuts. cells: hair blood
cannot be naturally Animals: Meat, poultry, enzymes, blood and
produced by the human body tissues, sh, eggs, antibodies.
body. milk and milk products. For growth repair and
Non-essential amino maintenance of body
acids: can be produced tissues.
naturally by the body.
Carbohydrates Classi ed in 3 groups Cool drinks, cake, Carbohydrates are
according to their chocolate, sweets, ice broken down into
amount of sugars: cream, syrup, jam, glucose. The blood
Monosaccharides: single honey and fruit. carries glucose to body
or simple sugars. cells where it then
Disaccharides: Two provides energy.
monosaccharides joined If there are enough
together. carbohydrates in the diet
Polysaccharides: Large the body uses those for
complex carbohydrates, energy rather than
chains of many proteins.
monosaccharides. Starch makes us feel full.
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, MACRONUTRIENT WHAT IS IT? SOURCE FUNCTION
Lipids Referred to as fats and Animals: Meat, chicken Provide a concentrated
oils. Fats are solid and sh and eggs. form of energy to the
oils are liquid at room Plants: Oils, margarine, body. Fat under the skin
temperature. mayonnaise and salad serves as an insulator.
dressings. Form a layer around
organs and bones for
protection.
Water Water is considered to Milk, pure fruit juice, tea A large part of blood
be a nutrient as it is and co ee consists of water.
essential for life. The solvent in which
nutrients are digested
absorbed and
transported. Keeps skin
moist and supple.
Vitamins & Functions Source De ciency Excess
Minerals
Calcium Builds strong Milk, milk products Rickets Impaired kidney
bones and teeth functioning
Phosphorus Strong bones and Meat and poultry, Hampered High concentration
teeth sh and eggs formation of teeth and phosphorus
Magnesium Essential for cells Dark green veggies Unlikely muscle None
cramps
Potassium Helps control Fruit, veg, milk High blood Unlikely
blood pressure and pressure
uid imbalance
Iodine Regulates growth Iodated salt Mental retardation Thyroid gland
and metabolic rate conditions
Iron Makes Iron from animals Anaemia which can Abnormal liver
haemoglobin sources is lead to tiredness, functioning
absorbed better reduced ability to
than iron from work and low
plants resistance to
infection
Fluoride Strengthen and Water, tea, sh Tooth decay Discolouration of
reduce tooth decay teeth
Zinc Normal growth Meat and poultry, Impaired growth None
sh and eggs
Manganese Component of Whole grains, Not likely Not likely from food
many enzymes legumes, nuts and consumption
tea
VitaminC Healing and Guava, berries, Scurvy, impaired Gastrointestinal
maintenance of oranges wound healing disturbances
Connective tissue
Vitamin B1 Metabolism of Liver, meat, whole Fatigue, Unknown
carbs protein and grains depression,
fat irritability
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IEB: November 2020 Exam
Grade 11
Read over consumerism - It is not really asked.
Food & Nutrition
Nutrients are the building blocks of whole foods and have specific functions in
the human body.
We need 40 nutrients in various quantities for energy, growth, repair and
maintenance of body tissues.
Nutrients are classified in 2 groups: Micronutrients and Macronutrients.
> Macronutrients are needed in large quantities: Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids
and water.
> Micronutrients are needed in smaller quantities: Vitamins and minerals.
MACRONUTRIENT WHAT IS IT? SOURCE FUNCTION
Protein Made up of 2 things. Plants: Legumes, seeds Forms all parts of body
Essential amino acids: and nuts. cells: hair blood
cannot be naturally Animals: Meat, poultry, enzymes, blood and
produced by the human body tissues, sh, eggs, antibodies.
body. milk and milk products. For growth repair and
Non-essential amino maintenance of body
acids: can be produced tissues.
naturally by the body.
Carbohydrates Classi ed in 3 groups Cool drinks, cake, Carbohydrates are
according to their chocolate, sweets, ice broken down into
amount of sugars: cream, syrup, jam, glucose. The blood
Monosaccharides: single honey and fruit. carries glucose to body
or simple sugars. cells where it then
Disaccharides: Two provides energy.
monosaccharides joined If there are enough
together. carbohydrates in the diet
Polysaccharides: Large the body uses those for
complex carbohydrates, energy rather than
chains of many proteins.
monosaccharides. Starch makes us feel full.
fi fi
, MACRONUTRIENT WHAT IS IT? SOURCE FUNCTION
Lipids Referred to as fats and Animals: Meat, chicken Provide a concentrated
oils. Fats are solid and sh and eggs. form of energy to the
oils are liquid at room Plants: Oils, margarine, body. Fat under the skin
temperature. mayonnaise and salad serves as an insulator.
dressings. Form a layer around
organs and bones for
protection.
Water Water is considered to Milk, pure fruit juice, tea A large part of blood
be a nutrient as it is and co ee consists of water.
essential for life. The solvent in which
nutrients are digested
absorbed and
transported. Keeps skin
moist and supple.
Vitamins & Functions Source De ciency Excess
Minerals
Calcium Builds strong Milk, milk products Rickets Impaired kidney
bones and teeth functioning
Phosphorus Strong bones and Meat and poultry, Hampered High concentration
teeth sh and eggs formation of teeth and phosphorus
Magnesium Essential for cells Dark green veggies Unlikely muscle None
cramps
Potassium Helps control Fruit, veg, milk High blood Unlikely
blood pressure and pressure
uid imbalance
Iodine Regulates growth Iodated salt Mental retardation Thyroid gland
and metabolic rate conditions
Iron Makes Iron from animals Anaemia which can Abnormal liver
haemoglobin sources is lead to tiredness, functioning
absorbed better reduced ability to
than iron from work and low
plants resistance to
infection
Fluoride Strengthen and Water, tea, sh Tooth decay Discolouration of
reduce tooth decay teeth
Zinc Normal growth Meat and poultry, Impaired growth None
sh and eggs
Manganese Component of Whole grains, Not likely Not likely from food
many enzymes legumes, nuts and consumption
tea
VitaminC Healing and Guava, berries, Scurvy, impaired Gastrointestinal
maintenance of oranges wound healing disturbances
Connective tissue
Vitamin B1 Metabolism of Liver, meat, whole Fatigue, Unknown
carbs protein and grains depression,
fat irritability
fifl fi ff
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