C13_TB_Krahn_WICS7e

Chapter I13: IWork IValues Iand IWork IOrientations I Multiple-Choice IQuestions Identify Ithe Ichoice Ithat Ibest Ianswers Ithe Iquestion. 1. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ibest Idefines Ithe Iconcept I“work Iorientations”? a. The Imeaning Iattached Ito Iwork Iin Ia Iparticular Isociety. I b. The Imeaning Iattached Ito Iwork Iby Ithe Idominant Ielites Iwithin Ia Isociety. I c. The Iaspects Iof Iwork Ithat Ia Iparticular Iindividual Idoes Inot Ienjoy. d. The Imeaning Iattached Ito Iwork Iby Iparticular Iindividuals Iwithin Ia Isociety. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I404 BLM: Remember 2. I Kelly Iworks Iextremely Ihard Ibecause Ihe Ifeels Ithat Ithis Iis Ithe Iright Iway Ito Ilive. IHe Isaves Ias Imuch Imoney Ias Ihe Ican, Iand Iis Icritical Iof Ihis Ifriends Iwho Ispend Itheir Imoney Ion Iwhat Ihe Ithinks Iare Inonessential Ithings. IIf Ihe Icould Itravel Iback Iin Itime, Iin Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ireligious Ior Icultural Igroups Iwould Ihe Ibe Imost Icomfortable? a. In Iancient IGreek Iculture. I b. In Iearly IHebrew Ior IChristian Iculture. I c. Among Ithe ICalvinists, Ian Iearly IProtestant Ireligious Igroup. I d. Among Ithe ILutherans, Ianother Iearly IProtestant Ireligious Igroup. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. I406 BLM: Higher IOrder 3. I An Ihistorical Iexamination Iof Ithe Imeaning Iof Iwork Ileads Ius Ito Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iconclusions? I a. The Iancient IGreeks Iand IRomans Ihad Ia Ivery Ipositive Iview Iof Iwork. I b. Early IHebrew Iand IChristian Ireligious Ivalues Iportrayed Ithe Ineed Ito Iwork Ihard Ias Ipunishment Ifrom IGod. I c. By Ithe I13th Icentury, IWestern Ireligious Iphilosophers Iwere Iportraying Ithe Iwork Idone Iby Imerchants Iand Ibusiness Ileaders Ias Ithe Imost Ivalued Iin Isociety. I d. During Ithe IProtestant IReformation Iin IEurope, Iwork Icame Ionce Iagain Ito Ibe Iseen Ias Isomething Ito Ibe Iavoided. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. I405–406 BLM: Remember 4. I Martin ILuther, Ia I16th-century IProtestant Ileader, Iused Ithe Iconcept Iof Ia I“calling” Ito Idescribe Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ibeliefs? I a. Industriousness Iand Ihard Iwork Iin Ione’s Ijob, Ino Imatter Ihow Igood Ior Ibad Iit Iis, Iis Ithe Iway Ito Ifulfill IGod’s Iwill. I b. Some Ioccupations I(priest Iand Ifarmer, Ifor Iexample) Iare Ibetter Ithan Iothers Isuch Ias Imerchant, Isince Ithey Icontribute Idirectly Ito Ithe Igood Iof Isociety. I   c. Men Ishould Iwork Ioutside Ithe Ihome Iwhile Iwomen Ishould Ido Icaring Iwork Iin Ithe Ihome. I d. Social Iclass Idifferences Iin Isociety Iare Inatural, Iand Ishould Ibe Iaccepted. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. I406 BLM: Remember 5. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iaspects Iof IKarl IMarx’s Iwritings Iabout Icapitalism Idid Ihe Ishare Iwith IRenaissance Iphilosophies Iabout Iwhat Iit Imeans Ito Ibe Ihuman? a. His Iemphasis Ion Iclass Iconflict Ias Ithe Isource Iof Imajor Isocial Ichange. I b. His Idescription Iof Ithe Ialienation Iexperienced Iby Iworkers Iin Icapitalist Isociety. I c. His Ianalysis Iof Isurplus Ilabour Iand Ihow Iit Igenerates Isocial Iinequality. d. His Ibelief Ithat Icapitalism Iwould Ieventually Ibe Itransformed Iinto Isocialism. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. I407 BLM: Remember 6. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iis Ithe Icentral Iargument Iin Ithe Ihumanist Iperspective Ion Iwork? a. Work Ishould Ibe Ia Ifulfilling Iand Iliberating Iactivity. I b. If Ipeople Ionly Idid Ienough Iwork Ito I“pay Ithe Ibills,” Ithey Iwould Ihave Imore Itime Ifor Iother Iactivities Ithat Iwould Igive Ithem Ipleasure. I c. Workers Ishould Ibe Itreated Ihumanely, Inot Ilike Islaves. I d. Work Ishould Ibe Idone Iby Ihuman Ibeings, Inot Iby Imachines. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. I407 BLM: Higher IOrder 7. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iwould Ibe Ia I“latent Ifunction” Iof Iwork, Iaccording Ito IMarie IJahoda? a. Enjoyable Iinteractions Iwith Icoworkers. I b. A Ipension Ithat Ihelps Imaintain Ia Iperson’s Istandard Iof Iliving Iafter Iretirement. I c. The Ineed Ito Iget Ia Igood Ieducation Iin Iorder Ito Iget Ia Igood Ijob. d. The Iprofits Ia Icompany Iowner Iobtains Ifrom Ithe Iwork Iof Iemployees. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: pp. I408–409 BLM: Remember 8. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iwould Ibe Ievidence Ithat Iclearly Icontradicts Iarguments Iabout Ithe Iimpact Iof Ithe I“Confucian Iwork Iethic” Ion Ieconomic Idevelopment? a. Rapid Ieconomic Igrowth Iin ISingapore, ITaiwan, Iand ISouth IKorea Iin Ithe I1990s. I b. Capitalist Ieconomic Idevelopment Iin ICommunist IChina. I I c. Late Iindustrialization Iin ICanada, Icompared Ito Iwestern IEurope Iand Ithe IUnited IStates. d. Rapid Ieconomic Igrowth Iin IIndia Iand IBrazil Iover Ithe Ipast Idecade. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I411 BLM: Higher IOrder   9. I The IJapanese Ieconomy Ibegan Ito Ichange Irapidly Iin Ithe I1990s. IWhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ioccurred Iduring Ithis Itime? a. Large Icompanies Ibegan Ito Irely Imuch Imore Ion Iimmigrant Iworkers. I b. The IChinese Igovernment Ibegan Ibuying Iup Ibig IJapanese Icompanies. I c. Large Icompanies Istopped Ioffering Ilifetime Ijobs Ito Itheir Iemployees. I d. Unions Ibecame Imuch Imore Ipowerful. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. I412 BLM: Remember 10. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iarguments Iis Imade Iby IJeremy IRifkin Iin Ihis Ibook IThe IEnd Iof IWork? a. New Itechnologies Iare Icreating Imany Imore Ijobs Ithan Ithey Iare Idestroying. I b. As Imore Ipeople Iacquire Ipostsecondary Ieducation, Ifewer Ipeople Iwill Iview Itheir Ijobs Inegatively. c. More Iknowledge-intensive Ijobs Iwill Ibe Icreated Ias Ithe Iservice Isector Iexpands Ifurther. d. New Iwork Ivalues Iare Ineeded Ito Imake Iworking Iin Ithe Ivoluntary Isector Imore Iattractive Ifor Ipeople Iwho Ican’t Ifind Ipaid Iwork. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I413 BLM: Higher IOrder 11. I At Ia Ifamily Igathering, Iyour Iuncle, Ia Ilawyer, Istarts Italking Iabout Ihow I“crazy” Ilife Iis Ibecoming. IThe Ipeople Ihe Iworks Iwith Ibrag Iabout Itheir Ilong Ihours, Iand Iburn Ithemselves Iout Itrying Ito Imake Imore Imoney Ito Ibuy Iexpensive Icars Iand Iclothes. IHe Isays Ihe Ican’t Ibelieve Ithey Iare I“doing Ithis Ito Ithemselves,” Iand Ithat Iwe Ineed Ito Ithink Imore Iabout Iimproving Isociety Iand Iless Iabout Iworking Ihard Ito Iget Irich. IWhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iauthors Iwould Iyou Isuggest Ihe Iread, Isince Ithey Imake Ithe Isame Iarguments? a. Andre IGorz. b. Madeline IBunting. I c. Jeremy IRifkin. I d. Jamie ISwift. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: pp. I414–415 BLM: Higher IOrder 12. I Canada’s Iresource-extraction Icommunities Ioften Iattract Ilarge Inumbers Iof Iworkers Iwho Icome Ithere Ito Imake Ia Ilot Iof Imoney Iquickly. IThey Idon’t Ihave Iany Istrong Ifeelings, Ieither Inegative Ior Ipositive, Iabout Itheir Ibosses, Isince Iall Ithey Iare Iinterested Iin Iis Iearning Imoney Iand Ispending Iit, Ieither Iimmediately Ior Isome Itime Ilater. IWhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iconcepts Iwould IDavid ILockwood Ihave Iused Ito Iidentify Isuch Iworkers? I a. Privatized Iworkers. I b. Proletarian Iworkers. I c. Maximizing Iworkers. I d. Deferential Iworkers. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: pp. I415–416 BLM: Higher IOrder 13. I In Ithe IBritish ITV Iseries IDownton IAbbey, Ithe Iservants Iworking Ifor Ithe Iwealthy Iupper-class Ifamily Iare Iusually Ivery Iloyal Iand Igenerally Iseem Ito Iaccept Ithat Ithe Irigid Iclass Istructure Iwithin Iwhich Ithey Ilive Iand Iwork Ias Ithe Iway Ithings Ishould Ibe. IIn Ihis Ianalysis Iof Iclass Irelations Iin IBritain Iin Ithe Imid-20th Icentury, IDavid ILockwood Iwould Ihave Iused Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iconcepts Ito Idescribe Isuch Iservants? I a. Privatized Iworkers. I b. Proletarian Iworkers. I c. Deferential Iworkers. I d. The Iprivileged Iworking Iclass. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: pp. I415–416 BLM: Higher IOrder 14. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Igeneralizations Ibest Ireflects Icurrent Iresearch Ifindings Ion Iwork Iorientations Iof ICanadian Iworkers? a. Canadian Iworkers Iconsider Igood Ipay Iand Ibenefits Ito Ibe Imuch Imore Iimportant Ithan I interesting Iand Ichallenging Iwork. I b. Canadian Iworkers Iconsider Iwork Ithat Iallows Ithem Ito Imake Idecisions Ito Ibe Imuch Imore Iimportant Ithan Ijob Isecurity. I c. Canadian Iworkers Iare Istrongly Imotivated Iby Iboth Iintrinsic Iand Iextrinsic Irewards. I d. The Ishift Ito Inonstandard Iwork Ihas Iled Ito Ian Iincrease Iin Iextrinsic Imotivations. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: pp. I417–418 BLM: Higher IOrder 15. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iconclusions Ibest Ireflects Irecent ICanadian Iresearch Ion Ithe Iwork Iorientations Iof Iadult Iwomen Iand Imen? a. Women Icontinue Ito Ibe Imore Ifocused Ion Iextrinsic Iwork Irewards, Icompared Ito Imen. I b. Men Icontinue Ito Ibe Imore Ifocused Ion Iextrinsic Iwork Irewards, Icompared Ito Iwomen. I c. Gender Idifferences Iin Iboth Iextrinsic Iand Iintrinsic Irewards Ihave Idisappeared. I d. Gender Idifferences Iin Iboth Iextrinsic Iand Iintrinsic Irewards Iexist Ionly Iamong Irecent Iimmigrants. I ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: pp. I417–418 BLM: Remember 16. I In Irecent Idecades, Iemployers Ihave Ifrequently Iexpressed Iconcerns Iabout Ithe Iinadequate Iskills Iyoung Ipeople Ibring Ito Ithe Ilabour Imarket, Iand Ihave Irecommended Ithat Ischools Ispend Imore Itime Iteaching I“employability Iskills.” IBased Ion Irecent Iresearch, Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ido Iemployers Itypically Ifocus Ion Iwhen Ihiring Iyoung Ipeople Ifor Ientry-level Ijobs? a. Academic Iskills. I b. Personal Imanagement Iskills. I c. Teamwork Iskills. d. Personality Iand Iperceived Iwork Iethic. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I420 BLM: Higher IOrder   17. I In Ihis Ibook IGeneration IX: ITales Ifor Ian IAccelerated ICulture, IDouglas ICoupland Isuggested Ithat Icorporate Iand Igovernment Idownsizing, Iand Ithe Ishift Ito Inonstandard Iemployment, Ihad Ichanged Ithe Iwork Iorientations Iof Icontemporary Iyouth. IWhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ibest Idescribes Iyoung Ipeople Ias ICoupland Iwrote Iabout Ithem? I a. They Iare Imuch Imore Ientrepreneurial Ithan Itheir Iparents Iwere. I b. Compared Ito Itheir Iparents, Ithey Iare Imoving Imore Iquickly Ifrom Iyouth Ito Iadulthood. c. They Iare Imuch Imore Iwilling Ito Itake Irisks, Icompared Ito Itheir Iparents. I d. They Iare Icynical Iand Ialienated, Iwith Ilimited Icareer Igoals. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. I421 BLM: Higher IOrder 18. I Recent Iresearch Ion Ithe Iwork Icommitment Iof ICanadian Iyouth Ileads Ito Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iconclusions? a. They Iare Inow Icomfortable Iwith Ibeing Iunemployed, Ibut Ithey Istill Ido Inot Iwant Ito Ireceive Isocial Iassistance. I b. Only Ia Ivery Ismall Iminority Iwould Ifeel IOK Iabout Ibeing Iunemployed Ior Iabout Ireceiving Isocial Iassistance. I c. They Iare Inow Icomfortable Iwith Ireceiving Isocial Iassistance, Ibut Inot Iwith Ibeing Iunemployed. I d. Young Ipeople Iin Icentral Iand Ieastern ICanada Iare Icomfortable Iwith Ibeing Iunemployed, Ibut Itheir Icounterparts Iin Iwestern ICanada Iare Inot. I ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. I421 BLM: Remember 19. I In Irecent Idecades, Isome Ipoliticians Ihave Iexpressed Iconcerns Iabout Ia Ideclining Iwork Iethic Iamong Ithe Ipoorest Imembers Iof Isociety. IRecent Iresearch Itypically Ileads Ito Iwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iconclusions? I a. Poor Iimmigrants Iare Iwilling Ito Iwork Ihard, Ibut Inot Ipoor Inative-born ICanadians. I b. The Iurban Ipoor, Ibut Inot Ithose Iin Irural Iareas, Iseem Ito Ihave Ia Ideclining Iwork Iethic. I c. The Ireal Iproblem Iis Ithat Imost Ipoor Ipeople Ido Inot Ihave Iadequate Iskills Iand Itraining. d. The Imain Iproblem Iis Inot Ienough Igood Ijobs Iand Iinadequate Igovernment Ipolicies. I ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. I424 BLM: Remember 20. I Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Ibest Idefines Ithe Iconcept I“underclass”? a. The Ilong-term Iunemployed Iwho Ibecome Idependent Ion Isocial Iassistance. I b. Workers Iwho Ihave Ino Iinterest Iin Iclass Iconflict, Iso Ilong Ias Ithey Iget Ipaid. I c. The Idisappearing Imiddle Iclass Iin IKarl IMarx’s Ianalysis Iof Icapitalist Iclass Irelations. I d. Part-time Iand Itemporary Iworkers Iwhose Ijob Isecurity Iis Iprecarious. I ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: pp. I423–424 BLM: Remember   Short IAnswer IQuestions 21. I Briefly Ioutline Ithe Icore Iargument Iin IMax IWeber’s Ibook IThe IProtestant IEthic Iand Ithe ISpirit Iof ICapitalism. I REF: Ip. I406 I 22. I Briefly Idiscuss Isome Iof Ithe Imanifest Iand Ilatent Ifunctions Iof Iwork. IMake Ireference Ito Iresearch Ion Iunemployment Iwhich Ihelps Ius Iunderstand Ithe Ilatent Ifunctions. I REF: Ipp. I409–410 I 23. I In Ihis Ianalysis Iof Ithe Iclass Istructure Iof IBritain Iin Ithe I1950s, IDavid ILockwood Idescribed Ithree Idifferent Itypes Iof Iworkers. IIdentify Iand Idefine Ithese Ithree Itypes Iand Inote Iwhich Iwere Ibecoming Imore Icommon, Iaccording Ito ILockwood. I REF: Ipp. I415–416 I Essay IQuestions I 24. Andre IGorz, IJeremy IRifkin, IJamie ISwift, Iand IMadeline IBunting Iall Iargue, Iin Idifferent Iways, Ithat Inew Iwork Ivalues Iare Ineeded Iin Imodern Isociety. IChoose Itwo Iof Ithese Iwriters Iand Icompare Iand Icontrast Itheir Iarguments. IWhich Iis Imost Iconvincing, Iin Iyour Iopinion? IWhy? I Suggested Istudent Iresponse: IStudents Ishould Iclearly Ioutline Ithe Itwo Iwriters’ Iarguments Iand Icompare Iand Icontrast Ithem Isince Ithe Itextbook Idoes Iso I(pp. I412–415). IThe Itext Ialso Ihighlights Iaspects Iof Ithe Ivarious Iarguments Iwhich Iare Ieither Inot Ivery Iplausible Ior Inot Isupported Iby Idata. IA Igood Ianswer Ishould Itake Ithe Isame Iapproach. I 25. Labour Imarkets Iand Iworkplaces Ihave Ichanged Idramatically Iover Ithe Ipast Ithree Ior Ifour Idecades. IAt Ithe Isame Itime, Iwe Ihave Iseen Isignificant Ishifts Iin Iage, Igender, Iand Iethnic Icharacteristics Iof Ithe Ilabour Iforce. IHave Iwork Iorientations Ialso Ichanged Ias Ia Iresult? IWhy Ior Iwhy Inot? IExplain Ithe Inature Iof Iany Ichanges Iyou Ibelieve Ihave Ioccurred, Imaking Ireference Ito Imaterial Ifrom Ithis Ior Iprevious Itextbook Ichapters. I Suggested Istudent Iresponse: IStudents Icould Itake Ithis Iessay Iin Imany Idifferent Idirections. IThey Imight Iemphasize Ithe Iaging Iof Ithe Iworkforce, Iincreased Ieducation Ilevels, Iand Ilarger Iproportions Iof Iimmigrants Ifrom Iother Icultures I(Chapter I3) Iand Ithen Icomment Ion Isome Iof Ithe Idiscussion Iof Iage, Igender, Iand Iculture Idifferences I(or Inot) Iin Iwork Ivalues Iand Iorientations Iin IChapter I13. IThey Imight Ialso Ifocus Ion Ithe Ishift Ito Imore Iprecarious Iwork, Ipolarization Iof Iworking Ihours, Iand Irising Ilevels Iof Iunemployment I(Chapter I4) Iand Idiscuss Iwhat Ivarious Iwriters Imentioned Iin IChapter I13 I(e.g., IDouglas ICoupland, IAndre IGorz, IJamie ISwift, IJeremy IRifkin, IMadeline IBunting) Ihave Ito Isay Iabout Ithe Ieffects Iof Ithese Ichanges Ion Iwork Iorientations. I   26. Women Icontinue Ito Ibe Iresponsible Ifor Imuch Imore Icaring Iwork Iin Iour Isociety, Icompared Ito Imen. IWomen Ialso Iearn Iless Ithan Imen, Ion Iaverage, Itypically Iwork Iin Idifferent Ioccupations, Iand Imore Ifrequently Ihold Inonstandard Ijobs. IDoes Ithis Imean Ithat Iwomen Ialso Itend Ito Ihave Idifferent Iwork Iorientations? IExplain Iyour Ianswer Iwith Ireference Ito Irecent Iresearch. I Suggested Istudent Iresponse: IA Igood Ianswer Iwould Iprovide Imore Idetail Ion Ithe Icaring Iwork I(paid Iand Iunpaid) Iof Iwomen Iand Ion Itheir Idifferent Ilevels Iand Itypes Iof Ilabour Imarket Iparticipation I(Chapters I4–7). IIt Iwould Ialso Idefine Iwork Iorientations Iand Idistinguish Ibetween Iintrinsic Iand Iextrinsic Iwork Iorientations. IResearch I(pp. I418–419) Isuggests Ithat, Iif Ithere Iwere Igender Idifferences Iin Iadults’ Iwork Iorientations Iin Ithe Ipast, Ithey Ino Ilonger Iexist, Iand Ithat Iamong Iyoung Iworkers, Iwomen Ihave Isomewhat Ihigher Iintrinsic Iwork Iorientations I(likely Ia Iresult Iof Iincreasing Ilevels Iof Ipostsecondary Ieducation). IResearch Ialso Ishows Ithat Iwomen Ihave Ito Iadjust Itheir Icareer Igoals Ito Iaccommodate Ithe Igreater Irole Ithey Iplay Iin Ifamily-based Icaring Iwork. IThe Itextbook Itakes Ithe Iposition I(p. I419) Ithat Istructural Ifactors Itend Ito Ishape Iwomen’s Iwork Ipreferences, Ias Icompared Ito Ibasic Igender Idifferences Iin Ipreferences Ileading Ito Idifferent Ichoices. I 27. See IDiscussion IQuestions Iat Ithe Iend Iof IChapter I13 Ifor Iadditional Iideas Ifor Iexamination Iessay Iquestions. I