NURS 508-Advanced Pharmacology Quiz questions and answers 2021 latest update

Nurse practitioner prescriptive authority is regulated by: 1. The National Council of State Boards of Nursing 2. The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration 3. The State Board of Nursing for each state 4. The State Board of Pharmacy The benefits to the patient of having an APRN prescriber include: 1. Nurses know more about Pharmacology than other prescribers because they take it both in their basic nursing program and in their APRN program 2. Nurses care for the patient from a holistic approach and include the patient in decision making regarding their care 3. APRNs are less likely to prescribe narcotics and other controlled substances 4. APRNs are able to prescribe independently in all states, whereas a PA needs to have a physician supervising their practice. Clinical judgement in prescribing includes: 1. Factoring in the cost to the patient of the medication prescribed. 2. Always prescribing the newest medication available for the disease process 3. Handing out drug samples to poor patients 4. Prescribing all generic medications to cut cost Criteria for choosing an effective drug for a disorder include: 1. Asking the patient what drug they think would work best for them. 2. Consulting nationally recognized guidelines for disease management 3. Prescribing medications that are available as samples before writing a prescription 4. Following U.S. DEA guidelines for prescribing. Nurse practitioner care may thrive under health-care reform because of: 1. The demonstrated ability of nurse practitioners to control costs and improve patient outcomes. 2. The fact that nurse practitioners will be able to practice independently 3. The fact that nurse practitioners will have full reimbursement under health-care reform 4. The ability to shift accountability for Medicaid to the state level A patient's nutritional intake and laboratory results reflect hypoalbuminemia. This is critical to prescribing because: 1. Distribution of the drugs to the target tissue may be affected 2. The solubility of the drug will not match the site of absorption 3. There will be less free drug available to generate an effect. 4. Drugs bound to albumin are readily excreted by the kidneys Drugs that have a significant first pass effect: 1. Must be given by the enteral (oral) route only 2. Bypass the hepatic circulation 3. Are rapidly metabolized by the liver and may have little if any desired action 4. Are converted by the liver to more active and fat-soluble forms The route of excretion of a volatile drug will likely be the: 1. Kidneys 2. Lungs 3. Bile and feces 4. Skin Depo Provera is prescribed intramuscularly to create a storage reservoir of the drug. Storage reservoirs: 1. Assure that the drug will reach its intended target tissue 2. Are the reason for giving loading doses 3. Increase the length of time a drug is available and active 4. Are most common in collagen tissues The NP chooses to give cephalexin every 8 hours based on knowledge of the drug's: 1. Propensity to go to the target receptor 2. Biological half-life 3. Pharmacodynamics 4. Safety and side effects Azithromycin dosing requires that the first day's dosage be twice those of the other 4 days of the prescription. This is considered a loading dose. A loading dose: 1. Rapidly achieves drug levels in the therapeutic range 2. Requires four or five half lives to attain 3. Is influenced by renal function 4. Is directly related to the drug circulating to the target tissues The point in time on the drug concentration curve that indicates the first sign of a therapeutic effect is the: 1. Minimum adverse effect level 2. Peak of action 3. Onset of action 4. Therapeutic range A laboratory result indicates that the peak level for a drug is above the minimum toxic concentration. This means that the: 1. Concentration will produce therapeutic effects 2. Concentration will produce an adverse response 3. Time between doses must be shortened 4. Duration of action of the drug is too long Drugs that are receptor agonists may demonstrate what property? 1. Irreversible binding to the drug receptor site 2. Up-regulation with chronic use 3. Desensitization or down-regulation with continuous use 4. Inverse relationship between drug concentration and drug action Drugs that are receptor antagonists, such as beta blockers, may cause: 1. Down regulation of the drug receptor 2. And exaggerated response if abruptly discontinued 3. Partial blockade of the effects of agonist drugs 4. An exaggerated response to competitive drug agonists Factors that affect gastric drug absorption include 1. Liver enzyme activity 2. Protein-binding properties of the drug molecule 3. Lipid solubility of the drug 4. Ability to chew and swallow Drugs administered via IV; 1. Need to be lipid soluble in order to be easily absorbed 2. Begin distribution into the body immediately 3. Are easily absorbed if they are non ionized 4. May use pinocytosis to be absorbed When a medication is added to a regimen for a synergistic effect, the combined effect of the drug is: