Final Exam Three Study Guide - A+ Rated Study Resource

Final Exam Three Study Guide - A+ Rated Study Resource drugs used for parkinson's - answer - dopaminergic anticholinergic levodopa - how is it used and why combined with carbidopa - answer - how used: as dopamine replacement in parkinsons undergoes conversion to DA in brain and activates DA receptors. why: blocks destruction of levodopa in periphery to decrease amount of decarboxylation so more drug can enter CNS and increase dopamine synthesis (ties up vitamin b 6) patient education levodopa - answer - avoid high protein meals delays drug can have on/off period - tell MD N/V common take with fruits/veggies monitor cardiac s/s and renal/liver function psychosis see MD what can't you combined levodopa with? - answer - antipsychotics decrease effectiveness MAO increase toxicity pramipexole - what is it used for? - answer - - parkinsons as dopamine agonist in early stages of PD to improve motor function and combined with levodopa in advance stages to reduce fluctuations of motor control - restless leg syndrome SE pramipexole - answer - nausea, dizziness, somulence, insomnia, constipation, hallucinations, SLEEP ATTACKS & IMPULSE CONTROL DISORDERS (screen for this) has less sleep attacks than other agents what drug increases pramipexole levels? - answer - cimetidine what drug is used to treat n/v in apomorphine - answer - trimethobenzamide (Tigan) 3 days before taking. Cannot combine with other antimetics risk for postural hypotension and decrease effectiveness of drug. what is apomorphine used for? - answer - acute hypomobility during off episodes in advance PD given by injection apomorphine SE - answer - Severe N/V Hypotension hyper sexuality cholinesterase agents for ALZ - answer - donzepil galantamine rivastigmine which alz med is irreversible inhibition? - answer - rivastigmine how do cholinesterase agents work - answer - prevent breakdown of ACH and increase availability of ach at synapses. important for ALZ to improve symptoms because nerve cells are lost during this disease. cholinesterase SE - answer - GI: n/v/dyspepsia/diarrhea dizziness/headache bronchoconstriction - caution copd CV: symptomatic bradycardia - falls, fainting spells ALL: lightheadedness, bradycardia selective and non selective B agonists - answer - b1 drugs help heart b2 drugs lungs/uterus x adrenergic antagonists - answer - use: HTN, BPH, pheochromocytoma to reduce HTN, raynaud's drugs: tamulosin, alfuzosin, silodosin SE: headache, dizziness, abnormal ejaculation, orthostatics, reflex tachycardia, nasal congestion, sodium retention and increase BP methyldopa: indication, SE, pt education - answer - use: oral antihypertensive by acting within CNS SE: hemolytic anemia, hepatic necrosis, hepatotoxicity, xerostemia, sex dysfunction, orthostatics, drowsiness, nightmares anticholinergic poisoning - answer - hot as a hare dry as a bone red as beet blind as a bat mad as a hatter treat: charcoal minimize intestinal absorption, give physostigmine x1 & x2 receptor function - answer - x1= constriction/contraction of eyes, BV male sex, prostatic capsule and bladder, DILATION (Mydriasis) eyes x2= inhibition of transmitter release presynaptic nerve terminals anti epileptic drugs that reduce effectiveness of birth control - answer - phenytoin dilantin phenobarb carbamazepine anti eplileptic drugs that increase metabolism of birth control - answer - oxcarbazepine topiramate lamotrigine all anti epileptic drug SE - answer - dizziness somulence overgrowth of dental gums - flossing what anti epileptics ok for pregnancy - answer - oxcarbazepine, lamotrigine, levetiracetam antidote for benzos - answer - Flumazenil (Romazicon) baclofen use - answer - spasticity in MS and spinal cord injuries baclofen SE withdrawal - answer - visual hallucinations, paranoia, seizures Zaleplon for insomnia - answer - those who stay up late and cannot fall sleep, get up early (sleep deprived) not good to help stay asleep, only fall asleep. ra