Welding Processes and
Fundamentals (焊接工艺与基
础)
1. What is a consumable electrode?
A) An electrode that does not melt during welding
B) An electrode which melts and provides metal to fill the joint
C) An electrode made of tungsten
D) An electrode used only for cutting
Answer: B. 消耗性电极（consumable electrode）在焊接过程中熔化并提供填充金属。
2. The weld heat affected zone (HAZ) is:
A) The weld metal itself
B) The portion of the base metal adjacent to the weld metal whose properties have been
changed due to the heat of welding
C) The area where slag collects
D) The backing strip area
Answer: B. 热影响区（HAZ）是母材上紧邻焊缝金属、因焊接热量而导致性能发生变化
的区域。
3. When an arc is formed between two electrodes, electricity flows:
A) From positive anode to negative cathode
B) From negative cathode to positive anode
C) In both directions simultaneously
D) Does not flow
Answer: B. 电弧中电流从负极（阴极）流向正极（阳极）。
4. The electric current for welding must be transformed from:
A) Low voltage, high amperage to high voltage, low amperage
B) High voltage, low amperage to low voltage, high amperage
,C) DC to AC only
D) AC to DC only
Answer: B. 焊接电流必须从高电压、低电流转换为低电压、高电流。
5. What is the major advantage of electron beam welding?
A) Low equipment cost
B) Full penetration welds on thick material in one pass
C) Can be used in the field
D) Requires no shielding
Answer: B. 电子束焊接的主要优势是可在厚材料上单道实现全熔透。
6. The progress of welding with the Electroslag welding process is:
A) Vertical down
B) Vertical up
C) Horizontal
D) Flat only
Answer: B. 电渣焊的焊接方向是垂直向上（vertical up）。
7. Explosion welding is:
A) A fusion welding process
B) A solid state process in which coalescence is produced through high speed impacting of
two or more materials by controlled detonation
C) A type of arc welding
D) A brazing process
Answer: B. 爆炸焊是一种固态焊接工艺，通过受控爆炸产生的高速冲击使材料结合。
8. A typical application for thermite welding is:
A) Joining of rails
B) Joining of pipes
C) Joining of sheet metal
D) Joining of plastics
Answer: A. 热剂焊的典型应用是连接铁轨。
9. Welding without filler metal with the GTAW process is referred to as:
A) Spray transfer
B) Autogenous welding
C) Globular transfer
D) Short circuiting
, Answer: B. GTAW 不使用填充金属的焊接称为自熔焊（autogenous welding）。
10. A typical weld flaw associated with the GTAW process is:
A) Slag inclusion
B) Porosity
C) Undercut
D) Overlap
Answer: B. GTAW 工艺的典型焊接缺陷是气孔（porosity）。
Section 2: Welding Power Sources and Equipment (焊接电源与设备)
11. SMAW power sources typically have a volt-ampere curve that is:
A) Flat
B) Drooping
C) Rising
D) Constant voltage
Answer: B. SMAW 电源通常具有下降（drooping）的伏安特性曲线。
12. GMAW power sources typically have a volt-ampere curve that is:
A) Drooping
B) Flat (constant voltage)
C) Rising
D) Variable
Answer: B. GMAW 使用平特性（恒压）电源。
13. The magnetic pinch force helps in the process of detaching molten metal drops from
the electrode tip. The magnetic force:
A) Decreases as current increases
B) Increases as the square of the current causing smaller and smaller droplets to be
detached
C) Is independent of current
D) Only affects AC welding
Answer: B. 磁收缩力随电流的平方增加，导致越来越小的熔滴脱落。
14. A welding arc consists of:
A) High voltage and low current
B) High current and low voltage
Fundamentals (焊接工艺与基
础)
1. What is a consumable electrode?
A) An electrode that does not melt during welding
B) An electrode which melts and provides metal to fill the joint
C) An electrode made of tungsten
D) An electrode used only for cutting
Answer: B. 消耗性电极（consumable electrode）在焊接过程中熔化并提供填充金属。
2. The weld heat affected zone (HAZ) is:
A) The weld metal itself
B) The portion of the base metal adjacent to the weld metal whose properties have been
changed due to the heat of welding
C) The area where slag collects
D) The backing strip area
Answer: B. 热影响区（HAZ）是母材上紧邻焊缝金属、因焊接热量而导致性能发生变化
的区域。
3. When an arc is formed between two electrodes, electricity flows:
A) From positive anode to negative cathode
B) From negative cathode to positive anode
C) In both directions simultaneously
D) Does not flow
Answer: B. 电弧中电流从负极（阴极）流向正极（阳极）。
4. The electric current for welding must be transformed from:
A) Low voltage, high amperage to high voltage, low amperage
B) High voltage, low amperage to low voltage, high amperage
,C) DC to AC only
D) AC to DC only
Answer: B. 焊接电流必须从高电压、低电流转换为低电压、高电流。
5. What is the major advantage of electron beam welding?
A) Low equipment cost
B) Full penetration welds on thick material in one pass
C) Can be used in the field
D) Requires no shielding
Answer: B. 电子束焊接的主要优势是可在厚材料上单道实现全熔透。
6. The progress of welding with the Electroslag welding process is:
A) Vertical down
B) Vertical up
C) Horizontal
D) Flat only
Answer: B. 电渣焊的焊接方向是垂直向上（vertical up）。
7. Explosion welding is:
A) A fusion welding process
B) A solid state process in which coalescence is produced through high speed impacting of
two or more materials by controlled detonation
C) A type of arc welding
D) A brazing process
Answer: B. 爆炸焊是一种固态焊接工艺，通过受控爆炸产生的高速冲击使材料结合。
8. A typical application for thermite welding is:
A) Joining of rails
B) Joining of pipes
C) Joining of sheet metal
D) Joining of plastics
Answer: A. 热剂焊的典型应用是连接铁轨。
9. Welding without filler metal with the GTAW process is referred to as:
A) Spray transfer
B) Autogenous welding
C) Globular transfer
D) Short circuiting
, Answer: B. GTAW 不使用填充金属的焊接称为自熔焊（autogenous welding）。
10. A typical weld flaw associated with the GTAW process is:
A) Slag inclusion
B) Porosity
C) Undercut
D) Overlap
Answer: B. GTAW 工艺的典型焊接缺陷是气孔（porosity）。
Section 2: Welding Power Sources and Equipment (焊接电源与设备)
11. SMAW power sources typically have a volt-ampere curve that is:
A) Flat
B) Drooping
C) Rising
D) Constant voltage
Answer: B. SMAW 电源通常具有下降（drooping）的伏安特性曲线。
12. GMAW power sources typically have a volt-ampere curve that is:
A) Drooping
B) Flat (constant voltage)
C) Rising
D) Variable
Answer: B. GMAW 使用平特性（恒压）电源。
13. The magnetic pinch force helps in the process of detaching molten metal drops from
the electrode tip. The magnetic force:
A) Decreases as current increases
B) Increases as the square of the current causing smaller and smaller droplets to be
detached
C) Is independent of current
D) Only affects AC welding
Answer: B. 磁收缩力随电流的平方增加，导致越来越小的熔滴脱落。
14. A welding arc consists of:
A) High voltage and low current
B) High current and low voltage
