FINAL EXAM Alan Strautman Study Guide MBI 131 - Comprehensive Answer Key

FINAL EXAM Alan Strautman Study Guide MBI 131 - Comprehensive Answer Key Sexually Transmitted Infections - answer - Intimate contact required for transmission, many have no symptoms STI Prevention - answer - Abstinence, condoms, medical checkups Gonorrhea - answer - Bacterial agent: Neisseria gonorrhoeae Symptoms: painful urination, pus, mucus (Also can infect eye, throat, or anus) Gonorrhea Treatment - answer - Antibiotics can cure, resistance is growing problem Possible Consequences of Untreated Gonorrhea - answer - Males: Blocked urethra, infected testes, infertility Females: Inflammation, Pelvic Inflammatory, infertility Bacteria Transmitted to Newborn - answer - Blindness can result Treatment of pregnant females and antibiotic drops for newborns Chlamydia - answer - Bacterial agent: Chlamydia trachomatis Sometimes no symptoms Painful urination, watery discharge Females under 30 at high risk Chlamydia Treatment - answer - Antibiotic can cure chlamydia Annual screening of young females Possible Consequences of Untreated Chlamydia - answer - Males: Infection/Inflammation, infertility Females: Inflammation, Pelvic Disease, infertility Bacteria Transmitted to Newborn - answer - Blindness can result from chlamydial eye infection Can develop chlamydial pneumonia Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - answer - Untreated chlamydia or gonorrhea infections Join infection resulting in extensive infection of female reproductive system Scarring to fallopian tubes Potential Consequences of PID - answer - Infertility, Chronic pelvic pain, Ectopic pregnancy Trichomoniasis - answer - Protozoan agent: Trichomonas vaginalis Sexually transmitted, cannot survive for long outside a host Symptoms in females: vaginal irritation Trichomoniasis: Potential Complications - answer - Pregnant females with trichomoniasis are increased risk of premature labor and giving low birth weight infant Female Infertility Linked to prostate cancer in males Trichomoniasis Treatment - answer - Curable with anti-protozoan drug therapy Genital herpes - answer - Viral agent: Herpes simplex (HSV-2) Symptoms: Painful vesicles in genital area, sometimes flu-like symptoms during initial infection Transmitted by direct contact Genital Herpes: Condoms not completely protective - answer - Vesicles can occur in places not covered such as upper thigh HSV-1 in cold sore can be transmitted to genital area HSV Remains in Host for Life - answer - Latent Viral Infection: Immune system fights HSV during a persons initial infection, blisters heal and HSV travels to nerve cells in spine and becomes latent HSV can reactivate and travel back to skin resulting in new blisters Genital Herpes Treatment and Potential Complications - answer - Treatment: No cure Antiviral drugs: Reduce transmission, reduce symptoms Effects of Initial HSV infection during Pregnancy - answer - HSV will be in bloodstream and can cross placenta Can lead to miscarriage, intellectual, developmental disabilities, and vision and hearing defects Reactivation of Latent HSV During Pregnancy - answer - Reactivated HSV does not enter bloodstream, so fetus is not at risk Can be transmitted to newborn from skin to skin Genital HPV Infection - answer - Viral agents: Human Papillomaviruses 40+ types of HPV infect mucous membranes Immune system can sometimes destroy HPV before disease develops Condoms not always protective Genital HPV Infection & Cancer - answer - HPV-16 and HPV-18 cause majority of cervical cancers in females HPV-16 associated with throat cancer HPV Treatment - answer - No cure Warts can be removed HPV Prevention - answer - Gardasil-9 Vaccine Contains proteins from 9 types of HPV HIV & AIDS - answer - Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome HIV is a Retrovirus - answer - Viral genetic material is placed into DNA of virally infected cells where it remains forever HIV Transmission - answer - Sexual Contact, Blood, Mother to fetus/infant (across placenta, during birth, vi