Final Exam Study Material BIOL - Comprehensive Answer Key

Final Exam Study Material BIOL - Comprehensive Answer Key Mobility - answer - The ability to move freely through high snow Moose (Physical Adaption) - answer - Legs up to 2 meters high to walk through snow Snowshoe Hares (Physical Adaption) - answer - Large hind feet that allow the animal to walk above the snow Fisher (Physical Adaption) - answer - Northern Weasel with large hind feet Northern Grouse (Physical Adaption) - answer - Has feathers on its feet increasing surface area and acting as snowshoes Ruffed Grouse (Physical Adaption) - answer - Grows snowshoes every autumn Subnivean Space - answer - The area below the snow where animals can travel White-Tailed Deer (Behavioural Adaption) - answer - Move to a sheltered area called a yard with less snow Yard - answer - Low lying area with minimal snow where white-tailed deer gather during winter Browse Line - answer - The highest point in a tree where a Deer can reach and feed Otter and Mink (Behavioural Adaption) - answer - Have very short legs so they toboggan on their stomachs to travel across snow Monarch Butterflies (Migration) - answer - Migrate to Mexico before winter and don't return Green Darner (Migration) - answer - A dragonfly that migrates to the Cape Cod area over winter Arctic Tern (Migration) - answer - Champion migratory bird, travelling over 20,000 km round trip in a year Semipalmanated Sandpipers - answer - Double their body weights in just 10 days of feeding before migration Songbirds (Migration) - answer - Birds that migrate primarily at night Advantages of Travelling at Night - answer - No overheating because of cooler temps, typically less wind at night, safer from predator species because of low light Eagles and Hawks (Migration) - answer - Use a "Thermal Hop" when migrating. Soar up using updrafts and glide back down Bounding Flight - answer - Using thermal hopping or going up and down during migration Hummingbirds and Blackbirds - answer - Example of birds who travel during the daytime How Birds Navigate during Migration - answer - Visual Cues (ocean, sun, mountains); Nocturnal Cues (constellations, moon, sky) Earth Magnetic Field - answer - Unknown mechanism that birds possess allowing them to navigate thousands of miles without getting lost Rhodopsin - answer - A photopigment in the retina likely involved in electromagnetic interaction Sandpipers (Migration) - answer - Example of a bird who migrates both day and night Red Knot (Migration) - answer - Geotracker found they flew 5,100 km in 8 straight days of flying Banding - answer - The attachment of a band on the leg of bird allowing us to track their migration patterns Geese (Migration) - answer - Fly in a "V" shape to conserve energy. Birds flying behind one another use less energy to lift their wing Winter Adaption in Plant Example - answer - Going dormant in the ground Becomming Cold Hardy - answer - Excess water withdrawn from the cells of the plant, protective sugars added to cells increasing solute concentation, unsaturated fatty acids added to increase flexibility, and antifreeze proteins suppress ice formation Change in Photoperiod - answer - The first cue for a plant to begin becoming acclimated to colder temperatures Phytochromes - answer - Light sensitive photo pigments which cause cells to go dormant and make plant sensitive to low temperatures Skunk Cabbage (Physical Adaption) - answer - Turns up heat during winter to melt the snow around it which keeps it safe from the cold Desiccation - answer - The drying out of plants during warm sunny days in winter. Also caused by extreme heat Conifer Trees (Physical Adaption) - answer - Decrease leaf surface area to avoid trying out from the sun in winter Ferns (Behavioural Adaptions) - answer - Curl up for the winter helping them to reduce surface area Deciduous Trees (Behavioural Adaptions) - answer - Drop their leaves in autumn to avoid drying up and avoid snow from settling on leaves Red Maple (B