NAS 2 Challenge Exam Study Material - Practice-Ready Answer Guide

NAS 2 Challenge Exam Study Material - Practice-Ready Answer Guide Purpose of Scientific Method - answer - solve a problem or answer a question Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Observe & Record, Analyze, Conclude - answer - steps of scientific method Independent variable - answer - a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure, change or controlled example: age dependent variable - answer - a variable dependent on other factors, tested or measured example: test score - factors that go into a score you receive on a test control group - answer - does not receive treatment and used to compare or measure the other subjects experimental group - answer - exposed to changes in independent variable anatomy - answer - branch of science concerned with bodily structure of living organisms; structure physiology - answer - science dealing with the functions of living things or their organs level of organization - answer - living things arranged from the simplest to most complex are: organelle cells tissues organs organ systems, organism populations communities ecosystem biosphere requirements for life - answer - Cellular organization Reproduction Metabolism Homeostasis Heredity Response to stimuli Growth and development Adaptation through evolution survival needs - answer - Food, oxygen, water, body temperature, atmospheric pressure (oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange) homeostasis - answer - relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain receptor - answer - senses environmental stimulus and sends info to control center control center - answer - hypothalamus signals effector effector - answer - responds to stimuli example: muscle contracting negative feedback mechanisms - answer - net effect is that the original output of the system shuts off the original stimulus or reduces the intensity homeostasis negative feedback mechanisms - answer - most common form of homeostasis, bringing people back to normal functioning negative feedback mechanisms - answer - example of homeostasis: adjustments of blood pressure, metabolism, body temp positive feedback mechanisms - answer - form of homeostasis level of variable changes in same direction as initial change enhances or accelerates output created by activated stimulus positive feedback mechanisms - answer - example of type of homeostasis: platelet aggregation or accumulation in response to injury, child birth anatomical position - answer - erect position, face forward, arms at side, palms face forward used to describe relation to other things coronal, sagittal, transverse - answer - 3 major planes of dissection cranial - answer - brain body region spinal/vertebral - answer - spinal cord body region thoracic cavity - answer - lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus abdominal cavity - answer - stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small/large intestines, kidneys pleural cavity - answer - contains lungs pelvic cavity - answer - end of large intestines, urinary bladder, reproductive organs mediastinum - answer - seperates lungs pericardial - answer - contains heart axial - answer - head, neck, and trunk of body appendicular - answer - limbs electron - answer - negatively charged particle, outer shell proton - answer - positive, in nucleus number of protons - answer - number of electrons is equal to the same... number of protons - answer - atomic number is equal to... atomic mass - answer - sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus the weighted average mass of isotopes of an element, found below the element symbol ionic bond - answer - chemical bond formed between two ions that are opposite charges, atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom covalent bond - answer - sharing electron pairs between atoms polar covalent bond - answer - pair of electrons unequally shared between two atoms nonpolar covalent bond - answer - two atoms share a pair of electrons wit