1
Arulmigu Meenakshi Amman college of Engineering
Vadamavandal-604410.
Prepared by,
V.Umapathy,
Prof./Mech.
Imortant Questions and Answers
CME365-Renewable Energy Technologies
h.
Syllabus
ec
1. UNIT – I ENERGY SCENARIO 9
M
Indian energy scenario in various sectors – domestic, industrial, commercial, agriculture,
f./
transportation and others – Present conventional energy status – Present renewable energy
ro
status- Potential of various renewable energy sources-Global energy status-Per capita energy
,P
consumption - Future energy plans.
2. UNIT – II SOLAR ENERGY 9
hy
Solar radiation – Measurements of solar radiation and sunshine – Solar spectrum - Solar
at
thermal collectors – Flat plate and concentrating collectors – Solar thermal applications –
ap
Solar thermal energy storage – Fundamentals of solar photo voltaic conversion – Solar cells
– Solar PV Systems – Solar PV applications.
m
3. UNIT – III WIND ENERGY 9
U
Wind data and energy estimation – Betz limit - Site selection for windfarms – characteristics
V.
– Wind resource assessment - Horizontal axis wind turbine – components - Vertical axis
wind turbine –Wind turbine generators and its performance – Hybrid systems –
Environmental issues - Applications.
4. UNIT – IV BIO-ENERGY 9
Bio resources – Biomass direct combustion – thermochemical conversion - biochemical
conversion mechanical conversion - Biomass gasifier - Types of biomass gasifiers -
Cogeneration –- Carbonisation – Pyrolysis - Biogas plants – Digesters –Biodiesel production
– Ethanol production - Applications.
5. UNIT – V OCEAN AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY 9
Small hydro - Tidal energy – Wave energy – Open and closed OTEC Cycles – Limitations –
Geothermal energy – Geothermal energy sources - Types of geothermal power plants –
Applications - Environmental impact.
, 2
S.No. Description
Unit-I
ENERGY SCENARIO
Basic Concepts
Topic Basic Concepts / Key Points
India’s energy demand is increasing due to population growth, urbanization,
Indian Energy
industrialization and economic development. Energy is consumed mainly in
Scenario
domestic, industrial, commercial, agriculture and transportation sectors.
Energy used for cooking, lighting, heating/cooling, refrigeration and
Domestic Sector
household appliances. Electricity and LPG are major energy sources.
Major energy-consuming sector. Uses coal, electricity, natural gas, oil and
Industrial Sector renewable energy for manufacturing, heating, motors, boilers and process
operations.
h.
Includes offices, hotels, hospitals, shops and educational institutions. Main
Commercial Sector
ec
uses are lighting, air-conditioning, ventilation, refrigeration and equipment.
Energy mainly used for irrigation pumps, tractors, farm machinery and
M
Agricultural Sector post-harvest operations. Electricity and diesel are commonly used; solar
f./
pumps are increasing.
ro
Transportation Major energy user, mainly dependent on petrol, diesel, CNG and aviation
,P
Sector fuels. Electric vehicles, biofuels and hydrogen are emerging alternatives.
hy
Coal, petroleum, natural gas and nuclear energy are major conventional
Conventional
sources. Fossil fuels are finite and produce environmental pollution and
at
Energy
greenhouse-gas emissions.
ap
Renewable sources include solar, wind, biomass, small hydro, geothermal
Renewable Energy
m
and ocean energy. Solar and wind have become important components of
Status
U
India’s renewable-energy expansion.
V.
India has high potential for solar and wind energy, along with biomass, small
Renewable Energy
hydro and other renewable resources due to its geographical and climatic
Potential
conditions.
Globally, energy demand is influenced by population, economic growth,
Global Energy
industrialization and technology. Fossil fuels still contribute substantially to
Scenario
global energy supply, while renewable energy is expanding rapidly.
Per-capita energy consumption = Total energy consumption / Population.
Per-Capita Energy
It indicates the average energy use per person and is an important indicator of
Consumption
development and living standards.
Reducing energy wastage through energy-efficient machines, LED lighting,
Energy
efficient motors, improved buildings, waste-heat recovery and energy
Conservation
management.
, 3
Focus areas include renewable-energy expansion, energy efficiency,
Future Energy Plans
electrification, green hydrogen, electric mobility, energy storage and
– India
reduction of carbon intensity.
Future Energy Ensure energy security, affordability, reliability and environmental
Objective sustainability while meeting increasing energy demand.
Two Marks QA
1. What is meant by Energy Scenario?
Answer: Energy scenario refers to the present and future pattern of energy production,
consumption, availability, sources and demands in a country or globally. It includes conventional
and renewable energy resources.
2. Name the major energy-consuming sectors in India.
h.
Answer: The major energy-consuming sectors are:
ec
M
Domestic/Residential
Industrial f./
ro
Commercial
Agriculture
,P
Transportation
hy
Other sectors such as public services and construction.
at
3. What are conventional energy sources?
ap
Answer: Conventional energy sources are traditionally used energy resources that are generally finite
m
or non-renewable. Examples are coal, petroleum, natural gas and nuclear energy.
U
4. What are renewable energy sources? Give examples.
V.
Answer: Renewable energy sources are naturally replenished and can be used repeatedly. Examples
include solar, wind, biomass, hydropower, tidal, wave and geothermal energy.
5. What is meant by per capita energy consumption?
Answer: Per capita energy consumption is the average amount of energy consumed per person in a
given period. It is calculated as:
, 4
6. What is the renewable energy potential of India?
Answer: India has significant renewable energy potential due to its high solar radiation, long
h.
coastline, favourable wind regions, agricultural biomass and hydropower resources. Solar and
ec
wind constitute major components of India's renewable-energy potential.
M
7. What is the importance of solar energy in India?
f./
Answer: India receives abundant solar radiation over much of the year. Solar energy can be used for
ro
electricity generation, water heating, solar cooking and agricultural pumping, thereby reducing
,P
dependence on fossil fuels.
hy
8. What is meant by global energy status?
at
Answer: Global energy status represents the worldwide condition of energy production,
ap
consumption, reserves and utilization. Fossil fuels continue to play a major role globally, while
renewable-energy deployment is increasing.
m
U
9. Why is renewable energy important for future energy requirements?
V.
Answer: Renewable energy is important because it:
Reduces dependence on finite fossil fuels.
Helps reduce greenhouse-gas emissions.
Improves energy security.
Provides sustainable long-term energy supply.
10. What are the major objectives of India's future energy plans?
Answer: Major objectives include increasing renewable-energy capacity, improving energy
efficiency, reducing dependence on fossil fuels, strengthening energy security, expanding clean-
energy technologies and achieving long-term low-carbon development.
13 and 15 Marks QA
1. Explain Indian energy scenario in domestic, industrial, commercial, agriculture and
Arulmigu Meenakshi Amman college of Engineering
Vadamavandal-604410.
Prepared by,
V.Umapathy,
Prof./Mech.
Imortant Questions and Answers
CME365-Renewable Energy Technologies
h.
Syllabus
ec
1. UNIT – I ENERGY SCENARIO 9
M
Indian energy scenario in various sectors – domestic, industrial, commercial, agriculture,
f./
transportation and others – Present conventional energy status – Present renewable energy
ro
status- Potential of various renewable energy sources-Global energy status-Per capita energy
,P
consumption - Future energy plans.
2. UNIT – II SOLAR ENERGY 9
hy
Solar radiation – Measurements of solar radiation and sunshine – Solar spectrum - Solar
at
thermal collectors – Flat plate and concentrating collectors – Solar thermal applications –
ap
Solar thermal energy storage – Fundamentals of solar photo voltaic conversion – Solar cells
– Solar PV Systems – Solar PV applications.
m
3. UNIT – III WIND ENERGY 9
U
Wind data and energy estimation – Betz limit - Site selection for windfarms – characteristics
V.
– Wind resource assessment - Horizontal axis wind turbine – components - Vertical axis
wind turbine –Wind turbine generators and its performance – Hybrid systems –
Environmental issues - Applications.
4. UNIT – IV BIO-ENERGY 9
Bio resources – Biomass direct combustion – thermochemical conversion - biochemical
conversion mechanical conversion - Biomass gasifier - Types of biomass gasifiers -
Cogeneration –- Carbonisation – Pyrolysis - Biogas plants – Digesters –Biodiesel production
– Ethanol production - Applications.
5. UNIT – V OCEAN AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY 9
Small hydro - Tidal energy – Wave energy – Open and closed OTEC Cycles – Limitations –
Geothermal energy – Geothermal energy sources - Types of geothermal power plants –
Applications - Environmental impact.
, 2
S.No. Description
Unit-I
ENERGY SCENARIO
Basic Concepts
Topic Basic Concepts / Key Points
India’s energy demand is increasing due to population growth, urbanization,
Indian Energy
industrialization and economic development. Energy is consumed mainly in
Scenario
domestic, industrial, commercial, agriculture and transportation sectors.
Energy used for cooking, lighting, heating/cooling, refrigeration and
Domestic Sector
household appliances. Electricity and LPG are major energy sources.
Major energy-consuming sector. Uses coal, electricity, natural gas, oil and
Industrial Sector renewable energy for manufacturing, heating, motors, boilers and process
operations.
h.
Includes offices, hotels, hospitals, shops and educational institutions. Main
Commercial Sector
ec
uses are lighting, air-conditioning, ventilation, refrigeration and equipment.
Energy mainly used for irrigation pumps, tractors, farm machinery and
M
Agricultural Sector post-harvest operations. Electricity and diesel are commonly used; solar
f./
pumps are increasing.
ro
Transportation Major energy user, mainly dependent on petrol, diesel, CNG and aviation
,P
Sector fuels. Electric vehicles, biofuels and hydrogen are emerging alternatives.
hy
Coal, petroleum, natural gas and nuclear energy are major conventional
Conventional
sources. Fossil fuels are finite and produce environmental pollution and
at
Energy
greenhouse-gas emissions.
ap
Renewable sources include solar, wind, biomass, small hydro, geothermal
Renewable Energy
m
and ocean energy. Solar and wind have become important components of
Status
U
India’s renewable-energy expansion.
V.
India has high potential for solar and wind energy, along with biomass, small
Renewable Energy
hydro and other renewable resources due to its geographical and climatic
Potential
conditions.
Globally, energy demand is influenced by population, economic growth,
Global Energy
industrialization and technology. Fossil fuels still contribute substantially to
Scenario
global energy supply, while renewable energy is expanding rapidly.
Per-capita energy consumption = Total energy consumption / Population.
Per-Capita Energy
It indicates the average energy use per person and is an important indicator of
Consumption
development and living standards.
Reducing energy wastage through energy-efficient machines, LED lighting,
Energy
efficient motors, improved buildings, waste-heat recovery and energy
Conservation
management.
, 3
Focus areas include renewable-energy expansion, energy efficiency,
Future Energy Plans
electrification, green hydrogen, electric mobility, energy storage and
– India
reduction of carbon intensity.
Future Energy Ensure energy security, affordability, reliability and environmental
Objective sustainability while meeting increasing energy demand.
Two Marks QA
1. What is meant by Energy Scenario?
Answer: Energy scenario refers to the present and future pattern of energy production,
consumption, availability, sources and demands in a country or globally. It includes conventional
and renewable energy resources.
2. Name the major energy-consuming sectors in India.
h.
Answer: The major energy-consuming sectors are:
ec
M
Domestic/Residential
Industrial f./
ro
Commercial
Agriculture
,P
Transportation
hy
Other sectors such as public services and construction.
at
3. What are conventional energy sources?
ap
Answer: Conventional energy sources are traditionally used energy resources that are generally finite
m
or non-renewable. Examples are coal, petroleum, natural gas and nuclear energy.
U
4. What are renewable energy sources? Give examples.
V.
Answer: Renewable energy sources are naturally replenished and can be used repeatedly. Examples
include solar, wind, biomass, hydropower, tidal, wave and geothermal energy.
5. What is meant by per capita energy consumption?
Answer: Per capita energy consumption is the average amount of energy consumed per person in a
given period. It is calculated as:
, 4
6. What is the renewable energy potential of India?
Answer: India has significant renewable energy potential due to its high solar radiation, long
h.
coastline, favourable wind regions, agricultural biomass and hydropower resources. Solar and
ec
wind constitute major components of India's renewable-energy potential.
M
7. What is the importance of solar energy in India?
f./
Answer: India receives abundant solar radiation over much of the year. Solar energy can be used for
ro
electricity generation, water heating, solar cooking and agricultural pumping, thereby reducing
,P
dependence on fossil fuels.
hy
8. What is meant by global energy status?
at
Answer: Global energy status represents the worldwide condition of energy production,
ap
consumption, reserves and utilization. Fossil fuels continue to play a major role globally, while
renewable-energy deployment is increasing.
m
U
9. Why is renewable energy important for future energy requirements?
V.
Answer: Renewable energy is important because it:
Reduces dependence on finite fossil fuels.
Helps reduce greenhouse-gas emissions.
Improves energy security.
Provides sustainable long-term energy supply.
10. What are the major objectives of India's future energy plans?
Answer: Major objectives include increasing renewable-energy capacity, improving energy
efficiency, reducing dependence on fossil fuels, strengthening energy security, expanding clean-
energy technologies and achieving long-term low-carbon development.
13 and 15 Marks QA
1. Explain Indian energy scenario in domestic, industrial, commercial, agriculture and
