1
Arulmigu Meenakshi Amman college of Engineering
Vadamavandal-604410.
Prepared by,
V.Umapathy,
Prof./Mech.
Imortant Questions and Answers
CME352- GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
Syllabus
1. UNIT – I INTRODUCTION TO GREEN ELECTRONICS 9
Environmental concerns of the modern society- Overview of electronics industry and their
relevant regulations in China, European Union and other key countries- global and regional
strategy and policy on green electronics industry. Restriction of Hazardous substances
(RoHS) - Waste Electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE - Energy using Product (EuP)
and Registration - Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances
(REACH).
2. UNIT – II GREEN ELECTRONICS MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS 9
Basics of IC manufacturing and its process – Electronics with Lead (Pb) -free solder pastes,
conductive adhesives, Introduction to green electronic materials and products - halogen-free
substrates and components. Substitution of non-recyclable thermosetting polymer based
composites with recyclable materials X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) for identifying hazardous
substances in electronic products.
3. UNIT – III GREEN ELECTRONICS ASSEMBLY AND RECYCLING 9
Various processes in assembling electronics components - the life-cycle environmental
impacts of the materials used in the processes - substrate interconnects. Components and
process equipments - Technology and management on e-waste recycle system construction,
global collaboration, and product disassembles technology.
4. UNIT – IV PRODUCT DESIGN AND SUSTAINABLE ECO-DESIGN 9
Stages of product development process in green design: Materials- Manufacturing -
Packaging and use - End of Life and disposal - Design for recycling - Life Cycle Assessment
(LCA), and Eco-design tools - Environmental management systems, and International
, 2
standards - Eco-design in electronics industry.
5. UNIT – V CASE STUDIES 9
Reliability of green electronics systems , Reuse and recycle of End-of-Life(EOL) electrical
and electronic equipment for effective waste management – Introduction of Green Supply
Chain, and Modeling green products from Supply Chain point of view - A life-cycle
assessment for eco-design of Cathode Ray Tube Recycling.
S.No. Description
Unit-I
INTRODUCTION TO GREEN ELECTRONICS
Basic Concepts
Topic Basic Concept
Green Electronics is the design, manufacture, use, and disposal of electronic
products in an environmentally friendly manner by minimizing hazardous
Green Electronics
materials, reducing energy consumption, and promoting recycling.
To reduce environmental pollution, conserve natural resources, improve
Need for Green
energy efficiency, and minimize electronic waste (e-waste).
Electronics
Rapid increase in e-waste, toxic materials in electronic products, excessive
energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and depletion of natural
Environmental Concerns
resources.
Objectives of Green Reduce hazardous substances, improve recyclability, increase product
Electronics lifespan, enhance energy efficiency, and support sustainable development.
One of the fastest-growing industries, producing consumer electronics,
communication devices, medical equipment, industrial automation systems,
Electronics Industry
and computers.
Generates hazardous waste, consumes large amounts of energy, emits
Environmental Impact of
greenhouse gases, and uses scarce raw materials.
Electronics Industry
Focuses on eco-design, energy-efficient products, circular economy,
Global Green Electronics
recycling, and sustainable manufacturing practices.
Strategy
Different countries implement regulations to control hazardous substances,
Regional Green
improve recycling, and reduce environmental impact.
Electronics Policy
, 3
China RoHS regulates hazardous substances in electronic products and
China's Green Electronics
promotes environmentally friendly manufacturing and recycling.
Policy
EU enforces strict environmental regulations such as RoHS, WEEE,
European Union (EU)
REACH, and Ecodesign (formerly EuP) Directives.
Regulations
USA, Japan, South Korea, India, and Canada have environmental regulations
Other Key Countries promoting green manufacturing and e-waste management.
Restricts the use of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic
Restriction of Hazardous
equipment to protect human health and the environment.
Substances (RoHS)
Eliminates harmful materials from electronic products and encourages safer
Purpose of RoHS alternatives.
Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Hexavalent Chromium (Cr⁶⁺),
Hazardous Substances Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB), Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDE),
Restricted by RoHS and additional restricted phthalates in updated versions.
Improves product safety, reduces pollution, simplifies recycling, and protects
Benefits of RoHS workers and consumers.
Waste Electrical and EU Directive that promotes collection, recycling, recovery, and
Electronic Equipment environmentally safe disposal of electronic waste.
(WEEE)
Reduce landfill waste, encourage recycling, recover valuable materials, and
Objectives of WEEE minimize environmental pollution.
Computers, televisions, refrigerators, washing machines, mobile phones,
Examples of WEEE
printers, and electrical tools.
Products
Earlier EU directive promoting energy-efficient design of products that
Energy-using Products consume energy during operation. It has evolved into the Ecodesign
(EuP) Directive.
Improve energy efficiency, reduce carbon emissions, and lower
Objectives of EuP
environmental impact throughout the product life cycle.
, 4
Designing products that consume less energy, use fewer materials, are easier
Eco-Design
to repair, and can be recycled efficiently.
Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals used
REACH Regulation
in manufacturing to ensure chemical safety.
Protect human health and the environment by controlling hazardous
Purpose of REACH
chemicals used in products.
Registration (REACH) Manufacturers must register chemicals produced or imported into the market.
Evaluation (REACH) Authorities evaluate chemical safety data submitted by manufacturers.
Authorization (REACH) High-risk chemicals require special permission before use.
Restriction (REACH) Limits or bans hazardous chemicals posing unacceptable risks.
Discarded electrical and electronic devices that require proper recycling and
E-Waste
disposal.
Household appliances, computers, mobile phones, televisions, batteries, and
Sources of E-Waste
industrial electronic equipment.
Soil contamination, water pollution, air pollution, heavy metal poisoning,
Effects of E-Waste
and health hazards.
Manufacturing process that minimizes waste, energy consumption,
Green Manufacturing
emissions, and use of hazardous materials.
Sustainable Product Products designed for durability, repairability, reuse, recycling, and lower
Design environmental impact.
A system where products are reused, repaired, remanufactured, and recycled
Circular Economy
instead of being discarded.
Life Cycle Assessment Evaluates environmental impact from raw material extraction to product
(LCA) disposal.
Benefits of Green Lower pollution, energy savings, improved public health, resource
Electronics conservation, regulatory compliance, and sustainable economic growth.
Challenges in Green High implementation cost, recycling complexity, lack of consumer
Electronics awareness, rapid technological changes, and infrastructure limitations.
Biodegradable electronics, lead-free soldering, renewable energy-powered
Future Trends
manufacturing, smart recycling technologies, and carbon-neutral production.
Important Regulations at a Glance
Regulation Full Form Purpose
Restricts hazardous materials in electronic
RoHS Restriction of Hazardous Substances
products
Arulmigu Meenakshi Amman college of Engineering
Vadamavandal-604410.
Prepared by,
V.Umapathy,
Prof./Mech.
Imortant Questions and Answers
CME352- GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
Syllabus
1. UNIT – I INTRODUCTION TO GREEN ELECTRONICS 9
Environmental concerns of the modern society- Overview of electronics industry and their
relevant regulations in China, European Union and other key countries- global and regional
strategy and policy on green electronics industry. Restriction of Hazardous substances
(RoHS) - Waste Electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE - Energy using Product (EuP)
and Registration - Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances
(REACH).
2. UNIT – II GREEN ELECTRONICS MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS 9
Basics of IC manufacturing and its process – Electronics with Lead (Pb) -free solder pastes,
conductive adhesives, Introduction to green electronic materials and products - halogen-free
substrates and components. Substitution of non-recyclable thermosetting polymer based
composites with recyclable materials X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) for identifying hazardous
substances in electronic products.
3. UNIT – III GREEN ELECTRONICS ASSEMBLY AND RECYCLING 9
Various processes in assembling electronics components - the life-cycle environmental
impacts of the materials used in the processes - substrate interconnects. Components and
process equipments - Technology and management on e-waste recycle system construction,
global collaboration, and product disassembles technology.
4. UNIT – IV PRODUCT DESIGN AND SUSTAINABLE ECO-DESIGN 9
Stages of product development process in green design: Materials- Manufacturing -
Packaging and use - End of Life and disposal - Design for recycling - Life Cycle Assessment
(LCA), and Eco-design tools - Environmental management systems, and International
, 2
standards - Eco-design in electronics industry.
5. UNIT – V CASE STUDIES 9
Reliability of green electronics systems , Reuse and recycle of End-of-Life(EOL) electrical
and electronic equipment for effective waste management – Introduction of Green Supply
Chain, and Modeling green products from Supply Chain point of view - A life-cycle
assessment for eco-design of Cathode Ray Tube Recycling.
S.No. Description
Unit-I
INTRODUCTION TO GREEN ELECTRONICS
Basic Concepts
Topic Basic Concept
Green Electronics is the design, manufacture, use, and disposal of electronic
products in an environmentally friendly manner by minimizing hazardous
Green Electronics
materials, reducing energy consumption, and promoting recycling.
To reduce environmental pollution, conserve natural resources, improve
Need for Green
energy efficiency, and minimize electronic waste (e-waste).
Electronics
Rapid increase in e-waste, toxic materials in electronic products, excessive
energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and depletion of natural
Environmental Concerns
resources.
Objectives of Green Reduce hazardous substances, improve recyclability, increase product
Electronics lifespan, enhance energy efficiency, and support sustainable development.
One of the fastest-growing industries, producing consumer electronics,
communication devices, medical equipment, industrial automation systems,
Electronics Industry
and computers.
Generates hazardous waste, consumes large amounts of energy, emits
Environmental Impact of
greenhouse gases, and uses scarce raw materials.
Electronics Industry
Focuses on eco-design, energy-efficient products, circular economy,
Global Green Electronics
recycling, and sustainable manufacturing practices.
Strategy
Different countries implement regulations to control hazardous substances,
Regional Green
improve recycling, and reduce environmental impact.
Electronics Policy
, 3
China RoHS regulates hazardous substances in electronic products and
China's Green Electronics
promotes environmentally friendly manufacturing and recycling.
Policy
EU enforces strict environmental regulations such as RoHS, WEEE,
European Union (EU)
REACH, and Ecodesign (formerly EuP) Directives.
Regulations
USA, Japan, South Korea, India, and Canada have environmental regulations
Other Key Countries promoting green manufacturing and e-waste management.
Restricts the use of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic
Restriction of Hazardous
equipment to protect human health and the environment.
Substances (RoHS)
Eliminates harmful materials from electronic products and encourages safer
Purpose of RoHS alternatives.
Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Hexavalent Chromium (Cr⁶⁺),
Hazardous Substances Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB), Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDE),
Restricted by RoHS and additional restricted phthalates in updated versions.
Improves product safety, reduces pollution, simplifies recycling, and protects
Benefits of RoHS workers and consumers.
Waste Electrical and EU Directive that promotes collection, recycling, recovery, and
Electronic Equipment environmentally safe disposal of electronic waste.
(WEEE)
Reduce landfill waste, encourage recycling, recover valuable materials, and
Objectives of WEEE minimize environmental pollution.
Computers, televisions, refrigerators, washing machines, mobile phones,
Examples of WEEE
printers, and electrical tools.
Products
Earlier EU directive promoting energy-efficient design of products that
Energy-using Products consume energy during operation. It has evolved into the Ecodesign
(EuP) Directive.
Improve energy efficiency, reduce carbon emissions, and lower
Objectives of EuP
environmental impact throughout the product life cycle.
, 4
Designing products that consume less energy, use fewer materials, are easier
Eco-Design
to repair, and can be recycled efficiently.
Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals used
REACH Regulation
in manufacturing to ensure chemical safety.
Protect human health and the environment by controlling hazardous
Purpose of REACH
chemicals used in products.
Registration (REACH) Manufacturers must register chemicals produced or imported into the market.
Evaluation (REACH) Authorities evaluate chemical safety data submitted by manufacturers.
Authorization (REACH) High-risk chemicals require special permission before use.
Restriction (REACH) Limits or bans hazardous chemicals posing unacceptable risks.
Discarded electrical and electronic devices that require proper recycling and
E-Waste
disposal.
Household appliances, computers, mobile phones, televisions, batteries, and
Sources of E-Waste
industrial electronic equipment.
Soil contamination, water pollution, air pollution, heavy metal poisoning,
Effects of E-Waste
and health hazards.
Manufacturing process that minimizes waste, energy consumption,
Green Manufacturing
emissions, and use of hazardous materials.
Sustainable Product Products designed for durability, repairability, reuse, recycling, and lower
Design environmental impact.
A system where products are reused, repaired, remanufactured, and recycled
Circular Economy
instead of being discarded.
Life Cycle Assessment Evaluates environmental impact from raw material extraction to product
(LCA) disposal.
Benefits of Green Lower pollution, energy savings, improved public health, resource
Electronics conservation, regulatory compliance, and sustainable economic growth.
Challenges in Green High implementation cost, recycling complexity, lack of consumer
Electronics awareness, rapid technological changes, and infrastructure limitations.
Biodegradable electronics, lead-free soldering, renewable energy-powered
Future Trends
manufacturing, smart recycling technologies, and carbon-neutral production.
Important Regulations at a Glance
Regulation Full Form Purpose
Restricts hazardous materials in electronic
RoHS Restriction of Hazardous Substances
products
