GENETICS COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
SOLVED MATERIAL ELABORATED
RESPONSES
◉ size difference between viral/prokaryotic/eukaryotic genomes.
Answer: Viral genomes are the smallest, then prokaryotic(0.5-4.5
million bp)(genes are closer together), with eukaryotic genomes being
vastly larger and more complex (60,000+-12 million bp) (Spaced out
over longer distances)
◉ Reverse Transcriptase. Answer: An enzyme that synthesizes DNA
from an RNA template, playing a crucial role in retrovirus replication.
◉ Histone Acetyl Transferases (HATs). Answer: Enzymes that add
acetyl groups to histone proteins, leading to a relaxed chromatin
structure and increased gene expression.
◉ Histone Deacetylases (HDACs). Answer: Enzymes that remove acetyl
groups from histones, resulting in a condensed chromatin structure and
decreased gene expression.
◉ DNA Methylases/Demethylases. Answer: Enzymes that add or
remove methyl groups from DNA, influencing gene expression and
playing a role in epigenetic regulation.
, ◉ PolyA Nuclease. Answer: An enzyme that degrades the polyadenylate
tail of mRNA, which is important for mRNA stability and regulation.
◉ Decapping Enzyme. Answer: An enzyme that removes the 5' cap from
mRNA, leading to mRNA degradation and regulation of gene
expression.
◉ 5'-3' Exonuclease. Answer: An enzyme that removes nucleotides from
the 5' end to the 3' end of nucleic acids, involved in RNA processing and
degradation.
◉ Dicer. Answer: An enzyme that processes double-stranded RNA into
small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA), important for
RNA interference.
◉ Slicer. Answer: An enzyme that cleaves RNA molecules, often
associated with the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) in gene
silencing mechanisms.
◉ VDJ Recombinase. Answer: An enzyme complex that facilitates the
rearrangement of gene segments in developing lymphocytes, crucial for
the diversity of antibodies.
antigen receptors, such as immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors, in B
and T lymphocytesprocess involves the RAG1 and RAG2 proteins,
SOLVED MATERIAL ELABORATED
RESPONSES
◉ size difference between viral/prokaryotic/eukaryotic genomes.
Answer: Viral genomes are the smallest, then prokaryotic(0.5-4.5
million bp)(genes are closer together), with eukaryotic genomes being
vastly larger and more complex (60,000+-12 million bp) (Spaced out
over longer distances)
◉ Reverse Transcriptase. Answer: An enzyme that synthesizes DNA
from an RNA template, playing a crucial role in retrovirus replication.
◉ Histone Acetyl Transferases (HATs). Answer: Enzymes that add
acetyl groups to histone proteins, leading to a relaxed chromatin
structure and increased gene expression.
◉ Histone Deacetylases (HDACs). Answer: Enzymes that remove acetyl
groups from histones, resulting in a condensed chromatin structure and
decreased gene expression.
◉ DNA Methylases/Demethylases. Answer: Enzymes that add or
remove methyl groups from DNA, influencing gene expression and
playing a role in epigenetic regulation.
, ◉ PolyA Nuclease. Answer: An enzyme that degrades the polyadenylate
tail of mRNA, which is important for mRNA stability and regulation.
◉ Decapping Enzyme. Answer: An enzyme that removes the 5' cap from
mRNA, leading to mRNA degradation and regulation of gene
expression.
◉ 5'-3' Exonuclease. Answer: An enzyme that removes nucleotides from
the 5' end to the 3' end of nucleic acids, involved in RNA processing and
degradation.
◉ Dicer. Answer: An enzyme that processes double-stranded RNA into
small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA), important for
RNA interference.
◉ Slicer. Answer: An enzyme that cleaves RNA molecules, often
associated with the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) in gene
silencing mechanisms.
◉ VDJ Recombinase. Answer: An enzyme complex that facilitates the
rearrangement of gene segments in developing lymphocytes, crucial for
the diversity of antibodies.
antigen receptors, such as immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors, in B
and T lymphocytesprocess involves the RAG1 and RAG2 proteins,
