D236./,Pathophysiology:./,Neurological./,Disorders
Course./,Code:./,D236
Course./,Name:./,Pathophysiology
Topic:./,Advanced./,Neurological./,and./,Ocular./,Pathologies./,Bank
Academic./,Year:./,2026/2027
1../,The./,nurse./,is./,caring./,for./,a./,client./,with./,increased./,intracranial./,pressure./,
(ICP)../,Which./,trend./,in./,vital./,signs,./,known./,as./,a./,late./,manifestation,./,indic
ates./,that./,the./,intracranial./,pressure./,is./,rising?
A../,Decreasing./,temperature,./,increasing./,pulse,./,increasing./,respirations,./,d
ecreasing./,blood./,pressure
B../,Increasing./,temperature,./,decreasing./,pulse,./,decreasing./,respirations,./,in
creasing./,blood./,pressure
C../,Decreasing./,temperature,./,decreasing./,pulse,./,increasing./,respirations,./,d
ecreasing./,blood./,pressure
D../,Decreasing./,temperature,./,increasing./,pulse,./,decreasing./,respirations,./,i
ncreasing./,blood./,pressure
�./,CORRECT./,ANSWER:./,B
�./,RATIONALE:./,As./,increased./,intracranial./,pressure./,(ICP)./,rises./,and./,be
gins./,to./,compress./,the./,brainstem,./,it./,triggers./,a./,late./,compensatory./,auto-
,regulatory./,response./,known./,as./,Cushing's./,Triad./,(widening./,pulse./,pressur
e/increased./,blood./,pressure,./,bradycardia,./,and./,irregular/decreased./,respira
tions),./,which./,is./,often./,accompanied./,by./,an./,increasing./,hyperthermic./,core.
/,temperature./,due./,to./,hypothalamic./,compression../,Options./,A,./,C,./,and./,D./,d
o./,not./,represent./,this./,physiological./,trend.
2../,The./,nurse./,has./,instructed./,the./,family./,of./,a./,client./,with./,an./,acute./,stroke./,
who./,has./,developed./,homonymous./,hemianopsia./,about./,measures./,to./,help./,
the./,client./,overcome./,the./,deficit../,Which./,statement./,suggests./,that./,the./,fam
ily./,completely./,understands./,the./,instructions?
A../,"We./,need./,to./,discourage./,him./,from./,wearing./,his./,personal./,eyeglasses.
"
B../,"We./,need./,to./,place./,all./,of./,his./,dining./,objects./,exclusively./,in./,his./,impai
red./,field./,of./,vision."
C../,"We./,need./,to./,ensure./,that./,we./,always./,approach./,him./,directly./,from./,his./,
impaired./,field./,of./,vision."
D../,"We./,need./,to./,remind./,him./,to./,turn./,his./,head./,to./,scan./,the./,lost./,visual./,fie
ld."
�./,CORRECT./,ANSWER:./,D
�./,RATIONALE:./,Homonymous./,hemianopsia./,is./,a./,visual./,field./,defect./,c
haracterized./,by./,the./,loss./,of./,half./,of./,the./,field./,of./,view./,on./,the./,same./,side./,i
n./,both./,eyes,./,commonly./,occurring./,after./,a./,middle./,or./,posterior./,cerebral./,
artery./,stroke../,To./,safely./,compensate./,for./,this./,deficit,./,the./,family./,must./,le
arn./,to./,remind./,the./,client./,to./,turn./,his./,head./,to./,scan./,the./,lost./,visual./,field,./,
which./,maximizes./,environmental./,awareness./,and./,reduces./,injury./,risks../,O
bjects./,should./,initially./,be./,placed./,within,./,and./,visitors./,should./,approach./,f
rom,./,the./,intact./,side../,Personal./,eyeglasses./,should./,be./,encouraged,./,not./,dis
couraged.
, 3../,Which./,neuro-
pathological./,description./,accurately./,captures./,the./,underlying./,progression.
/,of./,Parkinson's./,disease?
A../,An./,acute,./,reversible./,demyelination./,of./,peripheral./,motor./,axons./,follo
wing./,a./,gastrointestinal./,infection.
B../,A./,slow./,and./,progressive./,neurodegenerative./,disorder./,characterized./,b
y./,a./,loss./,of./,dopaminergic./,neurons./,in./,the./,substantia./,nigra,./,typically./,dia
gnosed./,in./,one's./,50s.
C../,An./,autosomal./,dominant./,trinucleotide./,repeat./,expansion./,targeting./,the.
/,upper./,cerebral./,cortex./,exclusively.
D../,A./,sudden./,vascular./,occlusion./,within./,the./,middle./,cerebral./,artery./,drivi
ng./,focal./,ischemic./,necrosis.
�./,CORRECT./,ANSWER:./,B
�./,RATIONALE:./,Parkinson's./,disease./,is./,a./,chronic,./,slow./,and./,progressiv
e./,neurodegenerative./,disorder./,characterized./,by./,the./,loss./,of./,dopamine-
producing./,neurons./,within./,the./,substantia./,nigra./,of./,the./,basal./,ganglia../,It./,t
ypically./,manifests./,and./,is./,diagnosed./,in./,one's./,50s,./,though./,early-
onset./,variants./,exist../,This./,depletion./,of./,dopamine./,disrupts./,the./,basal./,gan
glia's./,control./,of./,voluntary./,motor./,execution,./,leading./,to./,classic./,motor./,fe
atures./,like./,bradykinesia,./,resting./,tremors,./,and./,postural./,instability.
4../,Which./,symptom./,of./,Parkinson's./,disease./,causes./,a./,severe./,loss./,of./,inde
pendent./,function./,and./,is./,characterized./,by./,a./,generalized./,slowness./,of./,vol
untary./,movements?
A../,Postural./,instability
B../,Bradykinesia
C../,Exudative./,drusen./,accumulation
Course./,Code:./,D236
Course./,Name:./,Pathophysiology
Topic:./,Advanced./,Neurological./,and./,Ocular./,Pathologies./,Bank
Academic./,Year:./,2026/2027
1../,The./,nurse./,is./,caring./,for./,a./,client./,with./,increased./,intracranial./,pressure./,
(ICP)../,Which./,trend./,in./,vital./,signs,./,known./,as./,a./,late./,manifestation,./,indic
ates./,that./,the./,intracranial./,pressure./,is./,rising?
A../,Decreasing./,temperature,./,increasing./,pulse,./,increasing./,respirations,./,d
ecreasing./,blood./,pressure
B../,Increasing./,temperature,./,decreasing./,pulse,./,decreasing./,respirations,./,in
creasing./,blood./,pressure
C../,Decreasing./,temperature,./,decreasing./,pulse,./,increasing./,respirations,./,d
ecreasing./,blood./,pressure
D../,Decreasing./,temperature,./,increasing./,pulse,./,decreasing./,respirations,./,i
ncreasing./,blood./,pressure
�./,CORRECT./,ANSWER:./,B
�./,RATIONALE:./,As./,increased./,intracranial./,pressure./,(ICP)./,rises./,and./,be
gins./,to./,compress./,the./,brainstem,./,it./,triggers./,a./,late./,compensatory./,auto-
,regulatory./,response./,known./,as./,Cushing's./,Triad./,(widening./,pulse./,pressur
e/increased./,blood./,pressure,./,bradycardia,./,and./,irregular/decreased./,respira
tions),./,which./,is./,often./,accompanied./,by./,an./,increasing./,hyperthermic./,core.
/,temperature./,due./,to./,hypothalamic./,compression../,Options./,A,./,C,./,and./,D./,d
o./,not./,represent./,this./,physiological./,trend.
2../,The./,nurse./,has./,instructed./,the./,family./,of./,a./,client./,with./,an./,acute./,stroke./,
who./,has./,developed./,homonymous./,hemianopsia./,about./,measures./,to./,help./,
the./,client./,overcome./,the./,deficit../,Which./,statement./,suggests./,that./,the./,fam
ily./,completely./,understands./,the./,instructions?
A../,"We./,need./,to./,discourage./,him./,from./,wearing./,his./,personal./,eyeglasses.
"
B../,"We./,need./,to./,place./,all./,of./,his./,dining./,objects./,exclusively./,in./,his./,impai
red./,field./,of./,vision."
C../,"We./,need./,to./,ensure./,that./,we./,always./,approach./,him./,directly./,from./,his./,
impaired./,field./,of./,vision."
D../,"We./,need./,to./,remind./,him./,to./,turn./,his./,head./,to./,scan./,the./,lost./,visual./,fie
ld."
�./,CORRECT./,ANSWER:./,D
�./,RATIONALE:./,Homonymous./,hemianopsia./,is./,a./,visual./,field./,defect./,c
haracterized./,by./,the./,loss./,of./,half./,of./,the./,field./,of./,view./,on./,the./,same./,side./,i
n./,both./,eyes,./,commonly./,occurring./,after./,a./,middle./,or./,posterior./,cerebral./,
artery./,stroke../,To./,safely./,compensate./,for./,this./,deficit,./,the./,family./,must./,le
arn./,to./,remind./,the./,client./,to./,turn./,his./,head./,to./,scan./,the./,lost./,visual./,field,./,
which./,maximizes./,environmental./,awareness./,and./,reduces./,injury./,risks../,O
bjects./,should./,initially./,be./,placed./,within,./,and./,visitors./,should./,approach./,f
rom,./,the./,intact./,side../,Personal./,eyeglasses./,should./,be./,encouraged,./,not./,dis
couraged.
, 3../,Which./,neuro-
pathological./,description./,accurately./,captures./,the./,underlying./,progression.
/,of./,Parkinson's./,disease?
A../,An./,acute,./,reversible./,demyelination./,of./,peripheral./,motor./,axons./,follo
wing./,a./,gastrointestinal./,infection.
B../,A./,slow./,and./,progressive./,neurodegenerative./,disorder./,characterized./,b
y./,a./,loss./,of./,dopaminergic./,neurons./,in./,the./,substantia./,nigra,./,typically./,dia
gnosed./,in./,one's./,50s.
C../,An./,autosomal./,dominant./,trinucleotide./,repeat./,expansion./,targeting./,the.
/,upper./,cerebral./,cortex./,exclusively.
D../,A./,sudden./,vascular./,occlusion./,within./,the./,middle./,cerebral./,artery./,drivi
ng./,focal./,ischemic./,necrosis.
�./,CORRECT./,ANSWER:./,B
�./,RATIONALE:./,Parkinson's./,disease./,is./,a./,chronic,./,slow./,and./,progressiv
e./,neurodegenerative./,disorder./,characterized./,by./,the./,loss./,of./,dopamine-
producing./,neurons./,within./,the./,substantia./,nigra./,of./,the./,basal./,ganglia../,It./,t
ypically./,manifests./,and./,is./,diagnosed./,in./,one's./,50s,./,though./,early-
onset./,variants./,exist../,This./,depletion./,of./,dopamine./,disrupts./,the./,basal./,gan
glia's./,control./,of./,voluntary./,motor./,execution,./,leading./,to./,classic./,motor./,fe
atures./,like./,bradykinesia,./,resting./,tremors,./,and./,postural./,instability.
4../,Which./,symptom./,of./,Parkinson's./,disease./,causes./,a./,severe./,loss./,of./,inde
pendent./,function./,and./,is./,characterized./,by./,a./,generalized./,slowness./,of./,vol
untary./,movements?
A../,Postural./,instability
B../,Bradykinesia
C../,Exudative./,drusen./,accumulation
