BIOL 1200 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE ECU HARRIS
Question 1.
What is a theory?
ANSWER
Widely accepted explanation for a natural phenomenon that has been scientifically tested
Question 2.
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
ANSWER
-Theory is not considered to be true -Theory can be backed by evidence -Hypothesis is testable
Question 3.
Charles Darwin
ANSWER
English naturalist -father of modern evolutionary theory -Wrote "Origin of Species"
Question 4.
Inheritance of acquired characteristics
ANSWER
-Lamarckian belief that changes in an individual's life would be passed along to their offspring -i.e. giraffe stretched neck to reach trees and offspring would
have long necks
Question 5.
transitional forms
ANSWER
fossils that connect ancestral species with their descendants through a series of tiny steps i.e. pakicetus is an ancestor to whales
Question 6.
Vestigial traits with examples
ANSWER
Structures in organisms that serve no purpose and are residual from ancestor species i.e. wings on flightless birds, hind leg bones in fish
Question 7.
Homology
ANSWER
anatomical commonalities between species indicating a common ancestor i.e. arm bones in humans, fish, reptiles, etc.
, Question 8.
Phylogeny
ANSWER
origin of the division of a line of species evolutionary history of a group or organisms that shows ancestor -descendent relationships
Question 9.
Developmental homology
ANSWER
similarities of embryonic traits between several species
Question 10.
Genetic Homology
ANSWER
similarity in dna of different species
Question 11.
natural selection-necessary factors
ANSWER
1. more individuals are produced than can survive 2.population variation exists
3. traits are genetically heritable
4. offspring better suited to the environment will survive
Question 12.
Selection operates on what (what is being selected )
ANSWER
selection operates on the physical characteristics-phenotype
Question 13.
What do Allele frequency changes occur in
ANSWER
individuals
Question 14.
Biological Fitness
ANSWER
ability of an individual to produce offspring compared to individuals of the same species
, Question 15.
Biological species concept - defining a species
ANSWER
Question 16.
prezygotic isolating mechanisms
ANSWER
when individuals of different species are prevented from mating Temporal-different mating times Habitats Behavioral, i.e. different mating calls
Mechanical-structurally incompatible genetic-gametes wont fuse
Question 17.
Postzygotic isolating mechanism
ANSWER
individuals of different species mate but the hybrid produced has low fitness and may not survive or produce offspring inviability-embryos may not develop
properly fertility-hybrids cannot produce offspring i.e. mules from horse and donkey
Question 18.
Allopatric speciation
ANSWER
speciation due to geographic separation, when a population becomes isolated by a physical barrier mutations arise and are reproductively isolated if the
species come into contact i.e. squirrels on either side of grand canyon
Question 19.
Vicariance
ANSWER
the physical separation of a species
Question 20.
vicariance vs dispersal
ANSWER
Vicariance -> physical barrier dispersal -> migration
Question 21.
Sympatric speciation
ANSWER
speciation in same geographic location due to niches that need to filled or behavioral changes that exacerbated into two species over time i.e. flies in
hawthorne berries and apples which eventually led flies' birth cycles to align with fruit cycles
Question 1.
What is a theory?
ANSWER
Widely accepted explanation for a natural phenomenon that has been scientifically tested
Question 2.
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
ANSWER
-Theory is not considered to be true -Theory can be backed by evidence -Hypothesis is testable
Question 3.
Charles Darwin
ANSWER
English naturalist -father of modern evolutionary theory -Wrote "Origin of Species"
Question 4.
Inheritance of acquired characteristics
ANSWER
-Lamarckian belief that changes in an individual's life would be passed along to their offspring -i.e. giraffe stretched neck to reach trees and offspring would
have long necks
Question 5.
transitional forms
ANSWER
fossils that connect ancestral species with their descendants through a series of tiny steps i.e. pakicetus is an ancestor to whales
Question 6.
Vestigial traits with examples
ANSWER
Structures in organisms that serve no purpose and are residual from ancestor species i.e. wings on flightless birds, hind leg bones in fish
Question 7.
Homology
ANSWER
anatomical commonalities between species indicating a common ancestor i.e. arm bones in humans, fish, reptiles, etc.
, Question 8.
Phylogeny
ANSWER
origin of the division of a line of species evolutionary history of a group or organisms that shows ancestor -descendent relationships
Question 9.
Developmental homology
ANSWER
similarities of embryonic traits between several species
Question 10.
Genetic Homology
ANSWER
similarity in dna of different species
Question 11.
natural selection-necessary factors
ANSWER
1. more individuals are produced than can survive 2.population variation exists
3. traits are genetically heritable
4. offspring better suited to the environment will survive
Question 12.
Selection operates on what (what is being selected )
ANSWER
selection operates on the physical characteristics-phenotype
Question 13.
What do Allele frequency changes occur in
ANSWER
individuals
Question 14.
Biological Fitness
ANSWER
ability of an individual to produce offspring compared to individuals of the same species
, Question 15.
Biological species concept - defining a species
ANSWER
Question 16.
prezygotic isolating mechanisms
ANSWER
when individuals of different species are prevented from mating Temporal-different mating times Habitats Behavioral, i.e. different mating calls
Mechanical-structurally incompatible genetic-gametes wont fuse
Question 17.
Postzygotic isolating mechanism
ANSWER
individuals of different species mate but the hybrid produced has low fitness and may not survive or produce offspring inviability-embryos may not develop
properly fertility-hybrids cannot produce offspring i.e. mules from horse and donkey
Question 18.
Allopatric speciation
ANSWER
speciation due to geographic separation, when a population becomes isolated by a physical barrier mutations arise and are reproductively isolated if the
species come into contact i.e. squirrels on either side of grand canyon
Question 19.
Vicariance
ANSWER
the physical separation of a species
Question 20.
vicariance vs dispersal
ANSWER
Vicariance -> physical barrier dispersal -> migration
Question 21.
Sympatric speciation
ANSWER
speciation in same geographic location due to niches that need to filled or behavioral changes that exacerbated into two species over time i.e. flies in
hawthorne berries and apples which eventually led flies' birth cycles to align with fruit cycles
