CLEP Western Civilization 2
Question 1.
Thirty Years War
ANSWER
-1618-1648 -'war of religion' -political power -no seperation of church and state
Question 2.
Treaty of Westphalia
ANSWER
-1648 -ended the Thirty Years War -made religious changes -signaled decline of the papacy -secularized politics -independance of Swiss Confederacy and
Dutch Republic
Question 3.
What country emerged the strongest from the Thirty Years War?
ANSWER
Prussia
Question 4.
Who were the Junkers?
ANSWER
Prussian nobles who were given exemptions from taxes.
Question 5.
Who governed the organized bureaucracy?
ANSWER
The Central Directory
Question 6.
The Prussian's army
ANSWER
Rulers focused on making it powerful. It had about 80,000 men.
Question 7.
Austro-Hungarian Empire
ANSWER
Took form after the Treaty of Westphalia. There were many linguistic, cultural, and political differences among the people.
, Question 8.
What is absolutism?
ANSWER
Complete authority of a nation's ruler.
Question 9.
Thomas Hobbes
ANSWER
-1588-1679 -advocated absolutism -wrote Leviathan(1651)
Question 10.
Bishop Bossuet
ANSWER
-1627-1704 -Louis XIV's tutor -advocated absolutism -wrote Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Scripture -'divine right'
Question 11.
John Locke
ANSWER
-1632-1704 -believed that a ruler should keep people's trust -'life, liberty, and property'
Question 12.
Louis XIV
ANSWER
-1637-1715 -wanted to hold total power -"I am the state" -censored books and tortured political opponents palace in Versailles -'Sun King' -never convened
the Estates General -promoted science -constantly at war -put the country into debt -revoked the Edict of Nantes
Question 13.
Huguenots
ANSWER
Skilled Protestants that fled to England after the Edict of Nantes was revoked.
Question 14.
Glorious Revolution
ANSWER
A bloodless revolution.
, Question 15.
What caused England to put a limitation on the king's power?
ANSWER
James I claimed that he ruled by divine right and dismissed Parliment. Later on, his son Charles I tried to raise money for war without Parliment's consent. In
response, Parliment passed the Petition of Right in 1628.
Question 16.
English Civil War
ANSWER
On one side was Parliment, also known as the 'Roundheads' with the New Model Army led by Oliver Cromwell. On the other, the king's forces called the
'Cavaliers'. The Rump Parliment destroyed the House of Lords(Parliment's upper house) and Charles I was executed. Radical republicans called Levellers
began to protest. Later on, Oliver Cromwell became Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
Question 17.
What are two examples of kings who advocated divine right?
ANSWER
Charles II and James II
Question 18.
Why did Parliment try to pre-vent James II from inhereting the throne?
ANSWER
Certain members of Parliment(the Whigs) didn't want James to rule because they feared England would become Catholic.
Question 19.
What was the Glorious Revolution?
ANSWER
Parliment invited William III of Orange and his wife to rule England. Fearing Catholic rule, they wanted Protestant rulers. When William and his wife arrived
there was no protest, thus it was called the Glorious or Bloodless Revolution.
Question 20.
The Dutch Re-public
ANSWER
-maintained a republican government -promoted international trade -Dutch East India Company -international banking center -Hugo Grotius(philosopher)
-religious toleration -Rembrandt(artist)
Question 21.
Tsar Peter the Great
ANSWER
-wanted to westernize Russia -made men shave their beards -made Western clothing fashionable -advocated education -imported art -used new military and
economic organization -built St. Petersburg("window to the west")
, Question 22.
Mercantilism
ANSWER
A belief that there was a limited amount of wealth in the world. This led to countries avoiding 'free trade'. Jean-Baptiste Colbert strongly advocated it.
Question 23.
Which countries began the work of colonizing India?
ANSWER
France and Britain colonized India through their companies The British East India Company and the French Compagnie des Indes.
Question 24.
What did countries do to pre-vent trade and advocate self sufficiency?
ANSWER
They put up tariffs and passed navigation laws.
Question 25.
Privateers
ANSWER
Government sanctioned pirates that spurred wars. One example of a famous privateer was Sir Francis Drake.
Question 26.
The War of Jenkin's Ear
ANSWER
A clash between Britain and Spain sparked by an incident where a British captain had his ear cut off.
Question 27.
War of Austrian Succession
ANSWER
The Brits didn't like the way the French supported Prussia's agression towards Austria. Thus, Britain and France went to war. The war was finally ended with
the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.
Question 28.
The Seven Years War
ANSWER
The war lasted from 1756-1763. It was caused by Britain and France becoming upset at each other because of their allies.
Question 1.
Thirty Years War
ANSWER
-1618-1648 -'war of religion' -political power -no seperation of church and state
Question 2.
Treaty of Westphalia
ANSWER
-1648 -ended the Thirty Years War -made religious changes -signaled decline of the papacy -secularized politics -independance of Swiss Confederacy and
Dutch Republic
Question 3.
What country emerged the strongest from the Thirty Years War?
ANSWER
Prussia
Question 4.
Who were the Junkers?
ANSWER
Prussian nobles who were given exemptions from taxes.
Question 5.
Who governed the organized bureaucracy?
ANSWER
The Central Directory
Question 6.
The Prussian's army
ANSWER
Rulers focused on making it powerful. It had about 80,000 men.
Question 7.
Austro-Hungarian Empire
ANSWER
Took form after the Treaty of Westphalia. There were many linguistic, cultural, and political differences among the people.
, Question 8.
What is absolutism?
ANSWER
Complete authority of a nation's ruler.
Question 9.
Thomas Hobbes
ANSWER
-1588-1679 -advocated absolutism -wrote Leviathan(1651)
Question 10.
Bishop Bossuet
ANSWER
-1627-1704 -Louis XIV's tutor -advocated absolutism -wrote Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Scripture -'divine right'
Question 11.
John Locke
ANSWER
-1632-1704 -believed that a ruler should keep people's trust -'life, liberty, and property'
Question 12.
Louis XIV
ANSWER
-1637-1715 -wanted to hold total power -"I am the state" -censored books and tortured political opponents palace in Versailles -'Sun King' -never convened
the Estates General -promoted science -constantly at war -put the country into debt -revoked the Edict of Nantes
Question 13.
Huguenots
ANSWER
Skilled Protestants that fled to England after the Edict of Nantes was revoked.
Question 14.
Glorious Revolution
ANSWER
A bloodless revolution.
, Question 15.
What caused England to put a limitation on the king's power?
ANSWER
James I claimed that he ruled by divine right and dismissed Parliment. Later on, his son Charles I tried to raise money for war without Parliment's consent. In
response, Parliment passed the Petition of Right in 1628.
Question 16.
English Civil War
ANSWER
On one side was Parliment, also known as the 'Roundheads' with the New Model Army led by Oliver Cromwell. On the other, the king's forces called the
'Cavaliers'. The Rump Parliment destroyed the House of Lords(Parliment's upper house) and Charles I was executed. Radical republicans called Levellers
began to protest. Later on, Oliver Cromwell became Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
Question 17.
What are two examples of kings who advocated divine right?
ANSWER
Charles II and James II
Question 18.
Why did Parliment try to pre-vent James II from inhereting the throne?
ANSWER
Certain members of Parliment(the Whigs) didn't want James to rule because they feared England would become Catholic.
Question 19.
What was the Glorious Revolution?
ANSWER
Parliment invited William III of Orange and his wife to rule England. Fearing Catholic rule, they wanted Protestant rulers. When William and his wife arrived
there was no protest, thus it was called the Glorious or Bloodless Revolution.
Question 20.
The Dutch Re-public
ANSWER
-maintained a republican government -promoted international trade -Dutch East India Company -international banking center -Hugo Grotius(philosopher)
-religious toleration -Rembrandt(artist)
Question 21.
Tsar Peter the Great
ANSWER
-wanted to westernize Russia -made men shave their beards -made Western clothing fashionable -advocated education -imported art -used new military and
economic organization -built St. Petersburg("window to the west")
, Question 22.
Mercantilism
ANSWER
A belief that there was a limited amount of wealth in the world. This led to countries avoiding 'free trade'. Jean-Baptiste Colbert strongly advocated it.
Question 23.
Which countries began the work of colonizing India?
ANSWER
France and Britain colonized India through their companies The British East India Company and the French Compagnie des Indes.
Question 24.
What did countries do to pre-vent trade and advocate self sufficiency?
ANSWER
They put up tariffs and passed navigation laws.
Question 25.
Privateers
ANSWER
Government sanctioned pirates that spurred wars. One example of a famous privateer was Sir Francis Drake.
Question 26.
The War of Jenkin's Ear
ANSWER
A clash between Britain and Spain sparked by an incident where a British captain had his ear cut off.
Question 27.
War of Austrian Succession
ANSWER
The Brits didn't like the way the French supported Prussia's agression towards Austria. Thus, Britain and France went to war. The war was finally ended with
the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.
Question 28.
The Seven Years War
ANSWER
The war lasted from 1756-1763. It was caused by Britain and France becoming upset at each other because of their allies.
