NSG 323 Final Exam | Public Health & Global Based Nursing
(2026) Q&A | Herzing University
1. A county health department identifies 120 newly diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes among
20,000 residents during a one-year period. Which epidemiological measure does this figure
represent?
A) Prevalence proportion
B) Incidence rate
C) Attack rate
D) Case fatality rate
Correct Answer: Incidence rate
Rationale: Incidence measures the occurrence of recently diagnosed cases in a population at
risk during a specified period, distinguishing it from prevalence, which counts all existing cases
at one point in time .
2. A community survey finds that 340 of 4,000 adults currently have hypertension. This finding
represents which measure?
A) Cumulative incidence
B) Incidence density
C) Point prevalence
D) Attack rate
Correct Answer: Point prevalence
Rationale: Prevalence reflects all existing cases at a single point in time, whereas incidence
reflects recently diagnosed cases over an interval .
,3. Forty-eight of 60 attendees of a catered banquet develop gastroenteritis within two days. The
proportion of 48 to 60 describes which measure?
A) Attack rate
B) Prevalence rate
C) Crude mortality rate
D) Relative risk
Correct Answer: Attack rate
Rationale: The attack rate is an incidence proportion specific to a defined group over a short
outbreak period .
4. The number of deaths in a community during a year divided by the mid-year population,
expressed per 1,000 residents, defines which rate?
A) Case fatality rate
B) Age-specific fertility rate
C) Proportional mortality ratio
D) Crude death rate
Correct Answer: Crude death rate
Rationale: The crude death rate relates total deaths to the total population without adjustment
for age or other characteristics .
5. During an outbreak, 12 of 150 confirmed infected individuals die. This ratio represents which
measure?
A) Case fatality rate
B) Attack rate
,C) Crude death rate
D) Point prevalence
Correct Answer: Case fatality rate
Rationale: Case fatality is the proportion of diagnosed cases that die, reflecting the lethality of
the condition .
6. In a cohort investigation, smokers develop lung cancer at 90 per 100,000 and nonsmokers at
15 per 100,000. The ratio of 90 to 15 represents which measure?
A) Relative risk
B) Attack rate
C) Incidence rate
D) Odds ratio
Correct Answer: Relative risk
Rationale: Relative risk compares the risk of an outcome in an exposed group to the risk in an
unexposed group. A ratio of 90 to 15 indicates that smokers have six times the risk of
nonsmokers .
7. In a case-control study, the odds of exposure among cases are compared with the odds of
exposure among controls. This calculation yields which measure?
A) Relative risk
B) Attack rate
C) Incidence rate
D) Odds ratio
, Correct Answer: Odds ratio
Rationale: The odds ratio estimates the exposure-disease association when incidence cannot be
measured directly, as in case-control designs .
8. Exposed workers experience a disease rate of 40 per 1,000 and unexposed workers 10 per
1,000. The difference of 30 per 1,000 represents which measure?
A) Relative risk
B) Attributable risk
C) Odds ratio
D) Attack rate
Correct Answer: Attributable risk
Rationale: Attributable risk (risk difference) is the difference in disease rate between exposed
and unexposed groups, representing the excess risk associated with the exposure .
9. Which term describes the number of deaths among persons diagnosed with a specific
condition?
A) Incidence rate
B) Prevalence rate
C) Case fatality rate
D) Mortality rate
Correct Answer: Case fatality rate
(2026) Q&A | Herzing University
1. A county health department identifies 120 newly diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes among
20,000 residents during a one-year period. Which epidemiological measure does this figure
represent?
A) Prevalence proportion
B) Incidence rate
C) Attack rate
D) Case fatality rate
Correct Answer: Incidence rate
Rationale: Incidence measures the occurrence of recently diagnosed cases in a population at
risk during a specified period, distinguishing it from prevalence, which counts all existing cases
at one point in time .
2. A community survey finds that 340 of 4,000 adults currently have hypertension. This finding
represents which measure?
A) Cumulative incidence
B) Incidence density
C) Point prevalence
D) Attack rate
Correct Answer: Point prevalence
Rationale: Prevalence reflects all existing cases at a single point in time, whereas incidence
reflects recently diagnosed cases over an interval .
,3. Forty-eight of 60 attendees of a catered banquet develop gastroenteritis within two days. The
proportion of 48 to 60 describes which measure?
A) Attack rate
B) Prevalence rate
C) Crude mortality rate
D) Relative risk
Correct Answer: Attack rate
Rationale: The attack rate is an incidence proportion specific to a defined group over a short
outbreak period .
4. The number of deaths in a community during a year divided by the mid-year population,
expressed per 1,000 residents, defines which rate?
A) Case fatality rate
B) Age-specific fertility rate
C) Proportional mortality ratio
D) Crude death rate
Correct Answer: Crude death rate
Rationale: The crude death rate relates total deaths to the total population without adjustment
for age or other characteristics .
5. During an outbreak, 12 of 150 confirmed infected individuals die. This ratio represents which
measure?
A) Case fatality rate
B) Attack rate
,C) Crude death rate
D) Point prevalence
Correct Answer: Case fatality rate
Rationale: Case fatality is the proportion of diagnosed cases that die, reflecting the lethality of
the condition .
6. In a cohort investigation, smokers develop lung cancer at 90 per 100,000 and nonsmokers at
15 per 100,000. The ratio of 90 to 15 represents which measure?
A) Relative risk
B) Attack rate
C) Incidence rate
D) Odds ratio
Correct Answer: Relative risk
Rationale: Relative risk compares the risk of an outcome in an exposed group to the risk in an
unexposed group. A ratio of 90 to 15 indicates that smokers have six times the risk of
nonsmokers .
7. In a case-control study, the odds of exposure among cases are compared with the odds of
exposure among controls. This calculation yields which measure?
A) Relative risk
B) Attack rate
C) Incidence rate
D) Odds ratio
, Correct Answer: Odds ratio
Rationale: The odds ratio estimates the exposure-disease association when incidence cannot be
measured directly, as in case-control designs .
8. Exposed workers experience a disease rate of 40 per 1,000 and unexposed workers 10 per
1,000. The difference of 30 per 1,000 represents which measure?
A) Relative risk
B) Attributable risk
C) Odds ratio
D) Attack rate
Correct Answer: Attributable risk
Rationale: Attributable risk (risk difference) is the difference in disease rate between exposed
and unexposed groups, representing the excess risk associated with the exposure .
9. Which term describes the number of deaths among persons diagnosed with a specific
condition?
A) Incidence rate
B) Prevalence rate
C) Case fatality rate
D) Mortality rate
Correct Answer: Case fatality rate
