Aswb Lmsw Exam Preparation
Part 1: Behavioral Theories And Behavior Modification
Part 2: Psychodynamic Theory And Defense Mechanisms
Part 1: Behavioral Theories And Behavior
Modification
1.kPOSITIVEkREINFORCEMENT
DEFINITION:kIncreasingktheklikelihoodkthatkakbehaviorkwillkoccurkagainkbykproviding
kakdesirablekconsequence.
EXAMPLE:kAksocialkworkerkpraiseskakchildkforkcompletingkhomework.kThekchildkbec
omeskmoreklikelyktokcompletekhomeworkkinkthekfuture.
KEYkEXAMkPOINT:kPOSITIVEkREINFORCEMENTk=kADDkSOMETHINGkDESIRA
BLEkTOkINCREASEkAkBEHAVIOR.
2.kNEGATIVEkREINFORCEMENT
DEFINITION:kIncreasingktheklikelihoodkofkakbehaviorkbykremovingkankunpleasantkorka
versivekstimulus.
EXAMPLE:kAkpersonktakeskprescribedkactionktokstopkankunpleasantkalarmkfromksoundi
ng.kThekbehaviorkbecomeskmoreklikelyktokoccurkagain.
KEYkEXAMkPOINT:kNEGATIVEkREINFORCEMENTk=kREMOVEkSOMETHINGkU
NPLEASANTkTOkINCREASEkAkBEHAVIOR.
,IMPORTANT:kNegativekreinforcementkiskNOTkpunishment.kReinforcementkincreaseskbe
havior,kwhereaskpunishmentkdecreaseskbehavior.
3.kPOSITIVEkPUNISHMENT
DEFINITION:kDecreasingktheklikelihoodkofkakbehaviorkbykintroducingkankunpleasantkc
onsequence.
EXAMPLE:kAkstudentkreceiveskankadditional,kappropriatekconsequencekafterkbreakingka
nkestablishedkclassroomkrule.
KEYkEXAMkPOINT:kPOSITIVEkPUNISHMENTk=kADDkAkCONSEQUENCEkTOkD
ECREASEkAkBEHAVIOR.
4.kNEGATIVEkPUNISHMENT
DEFINITION:kDecreasingktheklikelihoodkofkakbehaviorkbykremovingksomethingkdesirabl
e.
EXAMPLE:kAkparentktemporarilykremoveskakteenager'skgamingkprivilegeskafterkthektee
nagerkrepeatedlykviolateskankagreed-uponkhouseholdkrule.
KEYkEXAMkPOINT:kNEGATIVEkPUNISHMENTk=kREMOVEkSOMETHINGkDESIR
ABLEkTOkDECREASEkAkBEHAVIOR.
EXAMkCOMPARISON:kREINFORCEMENTkVS.kPUNISHMENT
POSITIVEkREINFORCEMENT:kAddksomethingkdesirable;kbehaviorkincreases.
NEGATIVEkREINFORCEMENT:kRemoveksomethingkunpleasant;kbehaviorkincre
ases.
POSITIVEkPUNISHMENT:kAddkankunpleasantkconsequence;kbehaviorkdecreases.
NEGATIVEkPUNISHMENT:kRemoveksomethingkdesirable;kbehaviorkdecreases.
RememberkthatkPOSITIVEkmeanskaddingkakstimulus,kwhilekNEGATIVEkmeanskremovin
gkakstimulus.
5.kAVERSIONkTHERAPY
DEFINITION:kAkbehavioralkinterventionkthatkattemptsktokreducekankunwantedkbehavior
kbykassociatingkitkwithkankunpleasantkstimuluskorkconsequence.
, EXAMPLE:kAkhistoricalkapproachktoktreatingkalcoholkusekinvolvedkpairingkalcoholkcon
sumptionkwithkankunpleasantkreaction.
KEYkEXAMkPOINT:kAVERSIONkTHERAPYk=kASSOCIATINGkANkUNWANTEDkB
EHAVIORkWITHkANkAVERSIVEkEXPERIENCE.
CLINICALkNOTE:kAversion-
basedkapproacheskhavekimportantkethicalkandksafetykconsiderations.kDisulfiramk(Antabuse
),kforkexample,kcankcausekakdangerouskreactionkwhenkcombinedkwithkalcoholkandkshoul
dkbekusedkonlykunderkappropriatekmedicalksupervision.
6.kBIOFEEDBACK
DEFINITION:kAktechniquekthatkprovideskinformationkaboutkphysiologicalkprocessesksok
individualskcanklearnktokregulatekcertainkbodilykresponses.
EXAMPLE:kAkclientkreceiveskfeedbackkaboutkmusclektensionkandkpracticeskrelaxationkt
echniquesktokreducekit.
COMMONkAPPLICATIONS:kStresskmanagement,kmusclektension,kandkselectedkanxiety
-relatedksymptoms.
KEYkEXAMkPOINT:kBIOFEEDBACKk=kLEARNINGkTOkREGULATEkBODILYkFU
NCTIONSkUSINGkFEEDBACK.
7.kEXTINCTION
DEFINITION:kThekgradualkreductionkofkakpreviouslykreinforcedkbehaviorkwhenkthekrei
nforcementkthatkmaintainedkitkisknoklongerkprovided.
EXAMPLE:kAkchildkrepeatedlykinterruptsktokobtainkattention.kWhenkappropriate,ksafekb
ehaviorkiskconsistentlykreinforcedkinsteadkofkthekinterruptions,kthekattention-
maintainedkinterruptionskmaykdecrease.
KEYkEXAMkPOINT:kEXTINCTIONk=kWITHHOLDINGkTHEkREINFORCEMENTkTH
ATkMAINTAINSkAkBEHAVIOR.
IMPORTANT:kExtinctionkmaykinitiallykproducekankincreasekinkthekbehavior,kknownkas
kankextinctionkburst.
8.kFLOODING
Part 1: Behavioral Theories And Behavior Modification
Part 2: Psychodynamic Theory And Defense Mechanisms
Part 1: Behavioral Theories And Behavior
Modification
1.kPOSITIVEkREINFORCEMENT
DEFINITION:kIncreasingktheklikelihoodkthatkakbehaviorkwillkoccurkagainkbykproviding
kakdesirablekconsequence.
EXAMPLE:kAksocialkworkerkpraiseskakchildkforkcompletingkhomework.kThekchildkbec
omeskmoreklikelyktokcompletekhomeworkkinkthekfuture.
KEYkEXAMkPOINT:kPOSITIVEkREINFORCEMENTk=kADDkSOMETHINGkDESIRA
BLEkTOkINCREASEkAkBEHAVIOR.
2.kNEGATIVEkREINFORCEMENT
DEFINITION:kIncreasingktheklikelihoodkofkakbehaviorkbykremovingkankunpleasantkorka
versivekstimulus.
EXAMPLE:kAkpersonktakeskprescribedkactionktokstopkankunpleasantkalarmkfromksoundi
ng.kThekbehaviorkbecomeskmoreklikelyktokoccurkagain.
KEYkEXAMkPOINT:kNEGATIVEkREINFORCEMENTk=kREMOVEkSOMETHINGkU
NPLEASANTkTOkINCREASEkAkBEHAVIOR.
,IMPORTANT:kNegativekreinforcementkiskNOTkpunishment.kReinforcementkincreaseskbe
havior,kwhereaskpunishmentkdecreaseskbehavior.
3.kPOSITIVEkPUNISHMENT
DEFINITION:kDecreasingktheklikelihoodkofkakbehaviorkbykintroducingkankunpleasantkc
onsequence.
EXAMPLE:kAkstudentkreceiveskankadditional,kappropriatekconsequencekafterkbreakingka
nkestablishedkclassroomkrule.
KEYkEXAMkPOINT:kPOSITIVEkPUNISHMENTk=kADDkAkCONSEQUENCEkTOkD
ECREASEkAkBEHAVIOR.
4.kNEGATIVEkPUNISHMENT
DEFINITION:kDecreasingktheklikelihoodkofkakbehaviorkbykremovingksomethingkdesirabl
e.
EXAMPLE:kAkparentktemporarilykremoveskakteenager'skgamingkprivilegeskafterkthektee
nagerkrepeatedlykviolateskankagreed-uponkhouseholdkrule.
KEYkEXAMkPOINT:kNEGATIVEkPUNISHMENTk=kREMOVEkSOMETHINGkDESIR
ABLEkTOkDECREASEkAkBEHAVIOR.
EXAMkCOMPARISON:kREINFORCEMENTkVS.kPUNISHMENT
POSITIVEkREINFORCEMENT:kAddksomethingkdesirable;kbehaviorkincreases.
NEGATIVEkREINFORCEMENT:kRemoveksomethingkunpleasant;kbehaviorkincre
ases.
POSITIVEkPUNISHMENT:kAddkankunpleasantkconsequence;kbehaviorkdecreases.
NEGATIVEkPUNISHMENT:kRemoveksomethingkdesirable;kbehaviorkdecreases.
RememberkthatkPOSITIVEkmeanskaddingkakstimulus,kwhilekNEGATIVEkmeanskremovin
gkakstimulus.
5.kAVERSIONkTHERAPY
DEFINITION:kAkbehavioralkinterventionkthatkattemptsktokreducekankunwantedkbehavior
kbykassociatingkitkwithkankunpleasantkstimuluskorkconsequence.
, EXAMPLE:kAkhistoricalkapproachktoktreatingkalcoholkusekinvolvedkpairingkalcoholkcon
sumptionkwithkankunpleasantkreaction.
KEYkEXAMkPOINT:kAVERSIONkTHERAPYk=kASSOCIATINGkANkUNWANTEDkB
EHAVIORkWITHkANkAVERSIVEkEXPERIENCE.
CLINICALkNOTE:kAversion-
basedkapproacheskhavekimportantkethicalkandksafetykconsiderations.kDisulfiramk(Antabuse
),kforkexample,kcankcausekakdangerouskreactionkwhenkcombinedkwithkalcoholkandkshoul
dkbekusedkonlykunderkappropriatekmedicalksupervision.
6.kBIOFEEDBACK
DEFINITION:kAktechniquekthatkprovideskinformationkaboutkphysiologicalkprocessesksok
individualskcanklearnktokregulatekcertainkbodilykresponses.
EXAMPLE:kAkclientkreceiveskfeedbackkaboutkmusclektensionkandkpracticeskrelaxationkt
echniquesktokreducekit.
COMMONkAPPLICATIONS:kStresskmanagement,kmusclektension,kandkselectedkanxiety
-relatedksymptoms.
KEYkEXAMkPOINT:kBIOFEEDBACKk=kLEARNINGkTOkREGULATEkBODILYkFU
NCTIONSkUSINGkFEEDBACK.
7.kEXTINCTION
DEFINITION:kThekgradualkreductionkofkakpreviouslykreinforcedkbehaviorkwhenkthekrei
nforcementkthatkmaintainedkitkisknoklongerkprovided.
EXAMPLE:kAkchildkrepeatedlykinterruptsktokobtainkattention.kWhenkappropriate,ksafekb
ehaviorkiskconsistentlykreinforcedkinsteadkofkthekinterruptions,kthekattention-
maintainedkinterruptionskmaykdecrease.
KEYkEXAMkPOINT:kEXTINCTIONk=kWITHHOLDINGkTHEkREINFORCEMENTkTH
ATkMAINTAINSkAkBEHAVIOR.
IMPORTANT:kExtinctionkmaykinitiallykproducekankincreasekinkthekbehavior,kknownkas
kankextinctionkburst.
8.kFLOODING
