All lighting
Choose variations = increased productivity (because
an answer workers
How was knew they
the Hawthorne Effectwere
1 What is internal validity? 2
being watched) discovered?
What are the advantages/disadvantages
3 4 What is the outcome variable?
of answer
Choose an interviews? How was the Hawthorne Effect
1 What is internal validity? 2
discovered?
What are the advantages/disadvantages
3 4 What is the outcome variable?
PSYC 3650 Exam
of interviews?
What is internal Questions withHow
| validity?
Choose an answer
1
was the Hawthorne Effect
100%
discovered?
Verified Answers | Latest
Don't know?2
What are the advantages/disadvantages
What is the outcome variable?
of interviews?
3
What is internal validity?
1
Update 2026/2027
How was the Hawthorne Effect
4
Don't know?2
discovered?
What are the advantages/disadvantages
Terms in this set (81) 3 4 What is the outcome variable?
of interviews?
Question: Answer:
Don't know?
What are the advantages/disadvantages
Terms in this set (81) 3 4 What is the outcome variable?
What is internal validity? of interviews? The degree of confidence that a study's results accurately represent a true cause-and-
Don't know?
effect relationship WITHIN the study
Terms in this set (81)
What is internal validity? The degree of confidence that a study's results accurately represent a true cause-and-
Don't know?
What is external validity? The extent
effect to whichWITHIN
relationship the findings of a research study can be generalized to other people,
the study
Question:
Terms in this set (81) Answer:
settings, times, and contexts OUTSIDE the study
What is internal validity? The degree of confidence that a study's results accurately represent a true cause-and-
What is external validity? The extent
effect to whichWITHIN
relationship the findings of a research study can be generalized to other people,
the study
Terms in this set (81)
What is interrater reliability? The degree to which two different raters/observers agree
settings, times, and contexts OUTSIDE the study
What is internal validity? The degree of confidence that a study's results accurately represent a true cause-and-
What is external validity? The extent
effect to whichWITHIN
relationship the findings of a research study can be generalized to other people,
the study
What is the predictor
interrater variable?
reliability? Used
The to predict
degree to the
whichscore
two of another
different
settings, times, and contexts OUTSIDE variable
raters/observers
the study agree
Question:
What is internal validity? Answer:
The degree of confidence that a study's results accurately represent a true cause-and-
What is external validity? The extent
effect to whichWITHIN
relationship the findings of a research study can be generalized to other people,
the study
What is the outcome
predictor
interrater variable?
variable?
reliability? Variable
Used
The predicted
to predict
degree
settings, theby
to which
times, and thedifferent
score
two
contextspredictor
of another variable
variable
raters/observers
OUTSIDE the study agree
What is external validity? The extent to which the findings of a research study can be generalized to other people,
What
What is
is the outcome
predictor
interrater variable?
variable?
reliability? Variable
Useddegree
The
settings, predicted
to predict theby
to which
times, and thedifferent
score
two predictor
of
contexts another variable
variable
raters/observers
OUTSIDE the study agree
Question: Answer:
What is the outcome
predictor
interrater variable?
variable?
reliability? Variable
Used
The predicted
to predict
degree theby
to which thedifferent
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of another variable
variable
raters/observers agree
What is the outcome
Question: predictor variable?
variable? Variable
Used predicted
to predict
Answer: theby the of
score predictor
anothervariable
variable
What is the outcome variable? Variable predicted by the predictor variable
Question: Answer:
What are the different types of data collection techniques? - Naturalistic observation
- Surveys/questionnaires
- Interviews
What are the different types of data collection techniques? - Naturalistic observation
- Systematic observation
- Surveys/questionnaires
- Archival data
- Interviews
What are the different types of data collection techniques? -- Content
Naturalistic observation
analysis
- Systematic observation
- Surveys/questionnaires
- Archival data
- Interviews
What is naturalistic observation? -AContent
researchanalysis
method where participants are watched and studied in their natural, everyday
Question: Answer:
- Systematic observation
environments without any interference from the researcher
- Archival data
What is naturalistic observation? -AContent
researchanalysis
method where participants are watched and studied in their natural, everyday
Naturalistic observation provides the highest level of _______ External
environments without any interference from the researcher
validity?
What is naturalistic observation? A research method where participants are watched and studied in their natural, everyday
Naturalistic observation provides the highest level of _______ External
environments without any interference from the researcher
Question: Answer:
How is information collected in surveys/questionnaires?
validity? Self-reports with a close ended response scale (format wherein participants must choose
answers from a fixed, predefined set of options)
Naturalistic observation provides the highest level of _______ External
How is information collected in surveys/questionnaires?
validity? Self-reports with a close ended response scale (format wherein participants must choose
What scale is used in surveys/questionnaires? Uses response
answers from a scales and categories
fixed, predefined (never
set of = 1, rarely = 2, sometimes = 3, always = 4)
options)
Limited and quantitative response (responses limited to options, produces data that can
How is information collected in surveys/questionnaires? Self-reports with a close ended response scale (format wherein participants must choose
be measured/analyzed numerically)
What scale is used in surveys/questionnaires? Uses response
answers from a scales and categories
fixed, predefined (never
set of = 1, rarely = 2, sometimes = 3, always = 4)
options)
Limited and quantitative response (responses limited to options, produces data that can
Why are surveys/questionnaires conducted? They're
be conducted to measure
measured/analyzed mood, attitude, and frequency of behavior.
numerically)
What scale is used in surveys/questionnaires? Uses response scales and categories (never = 1, rarely = 2, sometimes = 3, always = 4)
Most common method of collecting data in psychology
, What are
What the different
is naturalistic types of data collection techniques?
observation? A -- Content
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researchanalysis
method where participants are watched and studied in their natural, everyday
- Systematic observation
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environments without any interference from the researcher
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What
What are the different
is naturalistic types of data collection techniques?
observation? --AContent Naturalistic observation
researchanalysis
method where participants are watched and studied in their natural, everyday
- Systematic observation
Naturalistic observation provides the highest level of _______ -External Surveys/questionnaires
environments without any interference from the researcher
- Archival data
validity? - Interviews
What
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Question: the different
is naturalistic types of data collection techniques?
observation? -A
Answer: Naturalistic observation
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- Content method where participants are watched and studied in their natural, everyday
- Systematic observation
Naturalistic observation provides the highest level of _______ -environments
Surveys/questionnaires
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- Archival data
How is information collected in surveys/questionnaires?
validity? -Self-reports
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environments without any interference from the researcher
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validity? - Interviews with a close ended response scale (format wherein participants must choose
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What
What are the different
is naturalistic types of data collection techniques?
observation? --AContent
Naturalistic observation
researchanalysis
method where participants are watched and studied in their natural, everyday
What scale is used in surveys/questionnaires? Uses response
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fixed, predefined set of(never = 1, rarely = 2, sometimes = 3, always = 4)
options)
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-environments
Surveys/questionnaires
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- Archival quantitative response (responses limited to options, produces data that can
data
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validity? -Self-reports
Interviews with a close ended response scale (format wherein participants must choose
What is naturalistic observation? A
be research method where
measured/analyzed
- Content analysis participants are watched and studied in their natural, everyday
numerically)
What scale is used in surveys/questionnaires? Uses
-answers response
Systematic a scales
fromobservation and categories
fixed, predefined set of(never = 1, rarely = 2, sometimes = 3, always = 4)
options)
Naturalistic observation provides the highest level of _______ External
environments without any interference from the researcher
-Limited and
Archival quantitative response (responses limited to options, produces data that can
data
How is information collected in surveys/questionnaires?
validity? Self-reports with a close ended response scale (format wherein participants must choose
Why
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is naturalistic observation?conducted? -They're
AContent
be conducted
research method to
measured/analyzed
analysis measure
where mood, attitude,
participants
numerically) are watched and frequency
and studied of in
behavior.
their natural, everyday
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answers response
from a scales and categories
fixed, predefined set of(never = 1, rarely = 2, sometimes = 3, always = 4)
options)
Naturalistic observation provides the highest level of _______ External
Most commonwithout
environments methodany of collecting
interference data
fromin psychology
the researcher
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How is information collected in surveys/questionnaires?
validity? Self-reports with a close ended response scale (format wherein participants must choose
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is naturalistic observation?conducted? AThey're
be conducted
research method to
measured/analyzed measure
where mood, attitude,
participants
numerically) are watched and frequency
and studied of in
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their natural, everyday
Question:
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answers response
from a scales and categories
fixed, predefined set of(never = 1, rarely = 2, sometimes = 3, always = 4)
options)
How does interviewing
Naturalistic observationwork in data
provides thecollection?
highest level of _______ The researcher
External
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commonwithout
environments method rich,
of
any in-depthdata
collecting
interference qualitative
from data about individual perceptions,
in psychology
the researcher
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How is information collected in surveys/questionnaires?
validity? Self-reports
experiences,with and abehaviors
close ended response
by guiding scale (format
a verbal wherein participants must choose
conversation.
Why are surveys/questionnaires conducted? They're conducted to measure
be measured/analyzed mood, attitude, and frequency of behavior.
numerically)
What scale is used in surveys/questionnaires? Uses response
answers from a scales and categories
fixed, predefined set of(never = 1, rarely = 2, sometimes = 3, always = 4)
options)
How does interviewing
Naturalistic observationwork in data
provides thecollection?
highest level of _______ The researcher
External
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common method rich, in-depthdata
collecting qualitative data about individual perceptions,
in psychology
Limited and quantitative response (responses limited to options, produces data that can
What
How isare
validity? the advantages/disadvantages
information of interviews?
collected in surveys/questionnaires? Advantages: flexibility
Self-reports with
experiences, to ended
and abehaviors
close askbydifferent
response
guiding questions and more
scale (format
a verbal detailed
wherein
conversation. data
participants must choose
Why are surveys/questionnaires conducted? They're conducted to measure
be measured/analyzed mood, attitude, and frequency of behavior.
numerically)
What scale is used in surveys/questionnaires? Uses response
from a scales
Disadvantages:
answers and categories
time consuming
fixed, predefined and (never
set interviewer
of = 1, rarely
options) effects= (biases)
2, sometimes = 3, always = 4)
How does interviewing work in data collection? The
Mostresearcher collectsof
common method rich, in-depthdata
collecting qualitative data about individual perceptions,
in psychology
Question: Answer: Limited and quantitative response (responses limited to options, produces data that can
Whatisare
How the advantages/disadvantages
information of interviews?
collected in surveys/questionnaires? Advantages:
Self-reports flexibility
with a to
close ask
endeddifferent
response questions
scale
experiences, and behaviors by guiding a verbal conversation. and more
(format detailed
wherein data
participants must choose
Why are surveys/questionnaires conducted? They're
be conducted to measure
measured/analyzed mood, attitude, and frequency of behavior.
numerically)
What is systematic
scale is used observation?
in surveys/questionnaires? Involves
Uses one
response
Disadvantages:
answers or more
scales observers,
and
time consuming
from a fixed, observing
categories
predefinedand (never
set interviewerevents
= 1, or
rarely behaviors
= 2,
of options) effects (biases) as
sometimes they
= occur,
3, and
always = 4)
How does interviewing work in data collection? The researcher
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common method rich, in-depthdata
collecting qualitative data about individual perceptions,
in psychology
reliably recording
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quantitative (can be naturalistic
response (responses or controlled)
limited to options, produces data that can
What are the advantages/disadvantages of interviews? Advantages:
experiences, flexibility to askby
and behaviors different
guidingquestions and more detailed data
a verbal conversation.
Why are surveys/questionnaires conducted? They're
Studies conducted to measure
behaviors least
be measured/analyzed affected mood,
numerically) attitude, andprocess
by measurement frequency of behavior.
(cognitive behaviors are more
is systematic
What scale is used observation?
in surveys/questionnaires? Involves
Uses one orscales
response
Disadvantages: moreconsuming
time observers,
and categoriesobserving
and (neverevents
interviewer or behaviors
= 1, rarely
effects= (biases) as they
2, sometimes occur,
= 3, and
always = 4)
How does interviewing work in data collection? The researcher
Most common
objectively collects
method
testable rich,
thanof in-depth
collecting
biological qualitative
data
behaviors) data about individual perceptions,
in psychology
reliably and
Limited recording their observations
quantitative (can be naturalistic
response (responses or controlled)
limited to options, produces data that can
What are the advantages/disadvantages of interviews? Advantages: flexibility
experiences, to askby
and behaviors different
guidingquestions and more detailed data
a verbal conversation.
Question:
Why are surveys/questionnaires conducted? Answer: They're
Studies
be conducted to measure
behaviors least
measured/analyzed affected mood,
numerically) attitude, andprocess
by measurement frequency of behavior.
(cognitive behaviors are more
What is systematic observation? Involves one or time
Disadvantages: moreconsuming
observers,and observing
interviewerevents or behaviors
effects (biases) as they occur, and
How does interviewing
Systematic observationswork
tendintodata
havecollection?
high _______ validity? The researcher
Internal
Most common
objectively collects
method
testable rich, in-depth
thanofbiological qualitative
collectingbehaviors)
data in psychologydata about individual perceptions,
reliably recording their observations (can be naturalistic or controlled)
What are the advantages/disadvantages of interviews? Advantages: flexibility
experiences, to askby
and behaviors different
guidingquestions and more detailed data
a verbal conversation.
Why are surveys/questionnaires conducted? They're
Studies conducted to measure
behaviors least affectedmood, attitude, andprocess
by measurement frequency of behavior.
(cognitive behaviors are more
What is systematic observation? Involves one or time
Disadvantages: moreconsuming
observers,and observing
interviewerevents or behaviors
effects (biases) as they occur, and
What is archival
How does
Systematic data? work
interviewing
observations tendintodata
havecollection?
high _______ validity? Researchers
The researcher
Internal
Most common use existing
collects
method information
rich,
of in-depth
collecting
objectively testable than biological behaviors) and data
qualitative
data in sets to
data
psychology produce
about a novel
individual perceptions,
reliably recording their observations (can be naturalistic or controlled)
What are the advantages/disadvantages of interviews? Advantages:
experiences, flexibility
analysis/conclusion to askby
and behaviors different
guidingquestions and more detailed data
a verbal conversation.
Studies behaviors least affected by measurement process (cognitive behaviors are more
What is systematic observation? Involves one or time
Disadvantages: moreconsuming
observers,and observing
interviewerevents or behaviors
effects (biases) as they occur, and
Question:
What
How is archival
does
Systematic data? work
interviewing
observations tendintodata
havecollection?
high _______ validity? Answer: Researchers
The researcher
Internal
objectively usecollects
testableexisting information
thanrich, in-depth
biological and data sets
qualitative
behaviors) to produce
data a novel perceptions,
about individual
reliably recording their observations (can be naturalistic or controlled)
What are the advantages/disadvantages of interviews? Advantages: flexibility
analysis/conclusion
experiences, to askby
and behaviors different
guidingquestions and more detailed data
a verbal conversation.
Studies behaviors least affected by measurement process (cognitive behaviors are more
What is systematic observation? Involves one or time
Disadvantages: moreconsuming
observers,and observing
interviewerevents or behaviors
effects (biases) as they occur, and
What is archival
Systematic data? tend to have high _______ validity?
observations Researchers
Internal
objectively use existing
testable than information and data sets to produce a novel
biological behaviors)
reliably recording their observations (can be naturalistic or controlled)
What are the advantages/disadvantages of interviews? Advantages: flexibility to ask different questions and more detailed data
analysis/conclusion
Studies behaviors least affected by measurement process (cognitive behaviors are more
What is systematic observation? Involves one or time
Disadvantages: moreconsuming
observers,and observing
interviewerevents or behaviors
effects (biases) as they occur, and
What is archival
Systematic data? tend to have high _______ validity?
observations Researchers
Internal
objectively use existing
testable than information and data sets to produce a novel
biological behaviors)
reliably recording their observations (can be naturalistic or controlled)
analysis/conclusion
Studies behaviors least affected by measurement process (cognitive behaviors are more
What is systematic observation? Involves one or more observers, observing events or behaviors as they occur, and
What is archival
Systematic data? tend to have high _______ validity?
observations Researchers
Internal use existing
objectively testable than information and data sets to produce a novel
biological behaviors)
Question: Answer: reliably recording their observations (can be naturalistic or controlled)
analysis/conclusion
Studies behaviors least affected by measurement process (cognitive behaviors are more
What is archival
Systematic data? tend to have high _______ validity?
observations Researchers
Internal
objectively use existing
testable than information and data sets to produce a novel
biological behaviors)
analysis/conclusion
What is archival
Systematic data? tend to have high _______ validity?
observations Researchers use existing information and data sets to produce a novel
Internal
Question: Answer:
analysis/conclusion
What is archival data? Researchers use existing information and data sets to produce a novel
analysis/conclusion
Question: Answer:
What is content analysis? An analysis of something said or written (transcript, written document, recording) that
requires no interaction between the participant and researcher.
What is an operational definition? A clear, exact description of how a researcher measures or manipulates a variable in a
study (turns vague concepts like "aggression" and "happiness" into concrete behaviors
that can be observed)
Choose variations = increased productivity (because
an answer workers
How was knew they
the Hawthorne Effectwere
1 What is internal validity? 2
being watched) discovered?
What are the advantages/disadvantages
3 4 What is the outcome variable?
of answer
Choose an interviews? How was the Hawthorne Effect
1 What is internal validity? 2
discovered?
What are the advantages/disadvantages
3 4 What is the outcome variable?
PSYC 3650 Exam
of interviews?
What is internal Questions withHow
| validity?
Choose an answer
1
was the Hawthorne Effect
100%
discovered?
Verified Answers | Latest
Don't know?2
What are the advantages/disadvantages
What is the outcome variable?
of interviews?
3
What is internal validity?
1
Update 2026/2027
How was the Hawthorne Effect
4
Don't know?2
discovered?
What are the advantages/disadvantages
Terms in this set (81) 3 4 What is the outcome variable?
of interviews?
Question: Answer:
Don't know?
What are the advantages/disadvantages
Terms in this set (81) 3 4 What is the outcome variable?
What is internal validity? of interviews? The degree of confidence that a study's results accurately represent a true cause-and-
Don't know?
effect relationship WITHIN the study
Terms in this set (81)
What is internal validity? The degree of confidence that a study's results accurately represent a true cause-and-
Don't know?
What is external validity? The extent
effect to whichWITHIN
relationship the findings of a research study can be generalized to other people,
the study
Question:
Terms in this set (81) Answer:
settings, times, and contexts OUTSIDE the study
What is internal validity? The degree of confidence that a study's results accurately represent a true cause-and-
What is external validity? The extent
effect to whichWITHIN
relationship the findings of a research study can be generalized to other people,
the study
Terms in this set (81)
What is interrater reliability? The degree to which two different raters/observers agree
settings, times, and contexts OUTSIDE the study
What is internal validity? The degree of confidence that a study's results accurately represent a true cause-and-
What is external validity? The extent
effect to whichWITHIN
relationship the findings of a research study can be generalized to other people,
the study
What is the predictor
interrater variable?
reliability? Used
The to predict
degree to the
whichscore
two of another
different
settings, times, and contexts OUTSIDE variable
raters/observers
the study agree
Question:
What is internal validity? Answer:
The degree of confidence that a study's results accurately represent a true cause-and-
What is external validity? The extent
effect to whichWITHIN
relationship the findings of a research study can be generalized to other people,
the study
What is the outcome
predictor
interrater variable?
variable?
reliability? Variable
Used
The predicted
to predict
degree
settings, theby
to which
times, and thedifferent
score
two
contextspredictor
of another variable
variable
raters/observers
OUTSIDE the study agree
What is external validity? The extent to which the findings of a research study can be generalized to other people,
What
What is
is the outcome
predictor
interrater variable?
variable?
reliability? Variable
Useddegree
The
settings, predicted
to predict theby
to which
times, and thedifferent
score
two predictor
of
contexts another variable
variable
raters/observers
OUTSIDE the study agree
Question: Answer:
What is the outcome
predictor
interrater variable?
variable?
reliability? Variable
Used
The predicted
to predict
degree theby
to which thedifferent
score
two predictor
of another variable
variable
raters/observers agree
What is the outcome
Question: predictor variable?
variable? Variable
Used predicted
to predict
Answer: theby the of
score predictor
anothervariable
variable
What is the outcome variable? Variable predicted by the predictor variable
Question: Answer:
What are the different types of data collection techniques? - Naturalistic observation
- Surveys/questionnaires
- Interviews
What are the different types of data collection techniques? - Naturalistic observation
- Systematic observation
- Surveys/questionnaires
- Archival data
- Interviews
What are the different types of data collection techniques? -- Content
Naturalistic observation
analysis
- Systematic observation
- Surveys/questionnaires
- Archival data
- Interviews
What is naturalistic observation? -AContent
researchanalysis
method where participants are watched and studied in their natural, everyday
Question: Answer:
- Systematic observation
environments without any interference from the researcher
- Archival data
What is naturalistic observation? -AContent
researchanalysis
method where participants are watched and studied in their natural, everyday
Naturalistic observation provides the highest level of _______ External
environments without any interference from the researcher
validity?
What is naturalistic observation? A research method where participants are watched and studied in their natural, everyday
Naturalistic observation provides the highest level of _______ External
environments without any interference from the researcher
Question: Answer:
How is information collected in surveys/questionnaires?
validity? Self-reports with a close ended response scale (format wherein participants must choose
answers from a fixed, predefined set of options)
Naturalistic observation provides the highest level of _______ External
How is information collected in surveys/questionnaires?
validity? Self-reports with a close ended response scale (format wherein participants must choose
What scale is used in surveys/questionnaires? Uses response
answers from a scales and categories
fixed, predefined (never
set of = 1, rarely = 2, sometimes = 3, always = 4)
options)
Limited and quantitative response (responses limited to options, produces data that can
How is information collected in surveys/questionnaires? Self-reports with a close ended response scale (format wherein participants must choose
be measured/analyzed numerically)
What scale is used in surveys/questionnaires? Uses response
answers from a scales and categories
fixed, predefined (never
set of = 1, rarely = 2, sometimes = 3, always = 4)
options)
Limited and quantitative response (responses limited to options, produces data that can
Why are surveys/questionnaires conducted? They're
be conducted to measure
measured/analyzed mood, attitude, and frequency of behavior.
numerically)
What scale is used in surveys/questionnaires? Uses response scales and categories (never = 1, rarely = 2, sometimes = 3, always = 4)
Most common method of collecting data in psychology
, What are
What the different
is naturalistic types of data collection techniques?
observation? A -- Content
Naturalistic observation
researchanalysis
method where participants are watched and studied in their natural, everyday
- Systematic observation
- Surveys/questionnaires
environments without any interference from the researcher
- Archival data
- Interviews
What
What are the different
is naturalistic types of data collection techniques?
observation? --AContent Naturalistic observation
researchanalysis
method where participants are watched and studied in their natural, everyday
- Systematic observation
Naturalistic observation provides the highest level of _______ -External Surveys/questionnaires
environments without any interference from the researcher
- Archival data
validity? - Interviews
What
What are
Question: the different
is naturalistic types of data collection techniques?
observation? -A
Answer: Naturalistic observation
researchanalysis
- Content method where participants are watched and studied in their natural, everyday
- Systematic observation
Naturalistic observation provides the highest level of _______ -environments
Surveys/questionnaires
External without any interference from the researcher
- Archival data
How is information collected in surveys/questionnaires?
validity? -Self-reports
Interviews with a close ended response scale (format wherein participants must choose
What are
What the different
is naturalistic types of data collection techniques?
observation? --AContent
Naturalistic observation
researchanalysis
method where participants are watched and studied in their natural, everyday
-answers Systematic
fromobservation
a fixed, predefined set of options)
Naturalistic observation provides the highest level of _______ - Surveys/questionnaires
External
environments without any interference from the researcher
- Archival data
How is information collected in surveys/questionnaires?
validity? - Interviews with a close ended response scale (format wherein participants must choose
Self-reports
What
What are the different
is naturalistic types of data collection techniques?
observation? --AContent
Naturalistic observation
researchanalysis
method where participants are watched and studied in their natural, everyday
What scale is used in surveys/questionnaires? Uses response
- Systematic
answers a scales
fromobservation and categories
fixed, predefined set of(never = 1, rarely = 2, sometimes = 3, always = 4)
options)
Question:
Naturalistic observation provides the highest level of _______ Answer:
-environments
Surveys/questionnaires
External without any interference from the researcher
Limited and
- Archival quantitative response (responses limited to options, produces data that can
data
How is information collected in surveys/questionnaires?
validity? -Self-reports
Interviews with a close ended response scale (format wherein participants must choose
What is naturalistic observation? A
be research method where
measured/analyzed
- Content analysis participants are watched and studied in their natural, everyday
numerically)
What scale is used in surveys/questionnaires? Uses
-answers response
Systematic a scales
fromobservation and categories
fixed, predefined set of(never = 1, rarely = 2, sometimes = 3, always = 4)
options)
Naturalistic observation provides the highest level of _______ External
environments without any interference from the researcher
-Limited and
Archival quantitative response (responses limited to options, produces data that can
data
How is information collected in surveys/questionnaires?
validity? Self-reports with a close ended response scale (format wherein participants must choose
Why
Whatare surveys/questionnaires
is naturalistic observation?conducted? -They're
AContent
be conducted
research method to
measured/analyzed
analysis measure
where mood, attitude,
participants
numerically) are watched and frequency
and studied of in
behavior.
their natural, everyday
What scale is used in surveys/questionnaires? Uses
answers response
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fixed, predefined set of(never = 1, rarely = 2, sometimes = 3, always = 4)
options)
Naturalistic observation provides the highest level of _______ External
Most commonwithout
environments methodany of collecting
interference data
fromin psychology
the researcher
Limited and quantitative response (responses limited to options, produces data that can
How is information collected in surveys/questionnaires?
validity? Self-reports with a close ended response scale (format wherein participants must choose
Why are
What surveys/questionnaires
is naturalistic observation?conducted? AThey're
be conducted
research method to
measured/analyzed measure
where mood, attitude,
participants
numerically) are watched and frequency
and studied of in
behavior.
their natural, everyday
Question:
What scale is used in surveys/questionnaires? Answer: Uses
answers response
from a scales and categories
fixed, predefined set of(never = 1, rarely = 2, sometimes = 3, always = 4)
options)
How does interviewing
Naturalistic observationwork in data
provides thecollection?
highest level of _______ The researcher
External
Most collects
commonwithout
environments method rich,
of
any in-depthdata
collecting
interference qualitative
from data about individual perceptions,
in psychology
the researcher
Limited and quantitative response (responses limited to options, produces data that can
How is information collected in surveys/questionnaires?
validity? Self-reports
experiences,with and abehaviors
close ended response
by guiding scale (format
a verbal wherein participants must choose
conversation.
Why are surveys/questionnaires conducted? They're conducted to measure
be measured/analyzed mood, attitude, and frequency of behavior.
numerically)
What scale is used in surveys/questionnaires? Uses response
answers from a scales and categories
fixed, predefined set of(never = 1, rarely = 2, sometimes = 3, always = 4)
options)
How does interviewing
Naturalistic observationwork in data
provides thecollection?
highest level of _______ The researcher
External
Most collectsof
common method rich, in-depthdata
collecting qualitative data about individual perceptions,
in psychology
Limited and quantitative response (responses limited to options, produces data that can
What
How isare
validity? the advantages/disadvantages
information of interviews?
collected in surveys/questionnaires? Advantages: flexibility
Self-reports with
experiences, to ended
and abehaviors
close askbydifferent
response
guiding questions and more
scale (format
a verbal detailed
wherein
conversation. data
participants must choose
Why are surveys/questionnaires conducted? They're conducted to measure
be measured/analyzed mood, attitude, and frequency of behavior.
numerically)
What scale is used in surveys/questionnaires? Uses response
from a scales
Disadvantages:
answers and categories
time consuming
fixed, predefined and (never
set interviewer
of = 1, rarely
options) effects= (biases)
2, sometimes = 3, always = 4)
How does interviewing work in data collection? The
Mostresearcher collectsof
common method rich, in-depthdata
collecting qualitative data about individual perceptions,
in psychology
Question: Answer: Limited and quantitative response (responses limited to options, produces data that can
Whatisare
How the advantages/disadvantages
information of interviews?
collected in surveys/questionnaires? Advantages:
Self-reports flexibility
with a to
close ask
endeddifferent
response questions
scale
experiences, and behaviors by guiding a verbal conversation. and more
(format detailed
wherein data
participants must choose
Why are surveys/questionnaires conducted? They're
be conducted to measure
measured/analyzed mood, attitude, and frequency of behavior.
numerically)
What is systematic
scale is used observation?
in surveys/questionnaires? Involves
Uses one
response
Disadvantages:
answers or more
scales observers,
and
time consuming
from a fixed, observing
categories
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set interviewerevents
= 1, or
rarely behaviors
= 2,
of options) effects (biases) as
sometimes they
= occur,
3, and
always = 4)
How does interviewing work in data collection? The researcher
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common method rich, in-depthdata
collecting qualitative data about individual perceptions,
in psychology
reliably recording
Limited and their observations
quantitative (can be naturalistic
response (responses or controlled)
limited to options, produces data that can
What are the advantages/disadvantages of interviews? Advantages:
experiences, flexibility to askby
and behaviors different
guidingquestions and more detailed data
a verbal conversation.
Why are surveys/questionnaires conducted? They're
Studies conducted to measure
behaviors least
be measured/analyzed affected mood,
numerically) attitude, andprocess
by measurement frequency of behavior.
(cognitive behaviors are more
is systematic
What scale is used observation?
in surveys/questionnaires? Involves
Uses one orscales
response
Disadvantages: moreconsuming
time observers,
and categoriesobserving
and (neverevents
interviewer or behaviors
= 1, rarely
effects= (biases) as they
2, sometimes occur,
= 3, and
always = 4)
How does interviewing work in data collection? The researcher
Most common
objectively collects
method
testable rich,
thanof in-depth
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biological qualitative
data
behaviors) data about individual perceptions,
in psychology
reliably and
Limited recording their observations
quantitative (can be naturalistic
response (responses or controlled)
limited to options, produces data that can
What are the advantages/disadvantages of interviews? Advantages: flexibility
experiences, to askby
and behaviors different
guidingquestions and more detailed data
a verbal conversation.
Question:
Why are surveys/questionnaires conducted? Answer: They're
Studies
be conducted to measure
behaviors least
measured/analyzed affected mood,
numerically) attitude, andprocess
by measurement frequency of behavior.
(cognitive behaviors are more
What is systematic observation? Involves one or time
Disadvantages: moreconsuming
observers,and observing
interviewerevents or behaviors
effects (biases) as they occur, and
How does interviewing
Systematic observationswork
tendintodata
havecollection?
high _______ validity? The researcher
Internal
Most common
objectively collects
method
testable rich, in-depth
thanofbiological qualitative
collectingbehaviors)
data in psychologydata about individual perceptions,
reliably recording their observations (can be naturalistic or controlled)
What are the advantages/disadvantages of interviews? Advantages: flexibility
experiences, to askby
and behaviors different
guidingquestions and more detailed data
a verbal conversation.
Why are surveys/questionnaires conducted? They're
Studies conducted to measure
behaviors least affectedmood, attitude, andprocess
by measurement frequency of behavior.
(cognitive behaviors are more
What is systematic observation? Involves one or time
Disadvantages: moreconsuming
observers,and observing
interviewerevents or behaviors
effects (biases) as they occur, and
What is archival
How does
Systematic data? work
interviewing
observations tendintodata
havecollection?
high _______ validity? Researchers
The researcher
Internal
Most common use existing
collects
method information
rich,
of in-depth
collecting
objectively testable than biological behaviors) and data
qualitative
data in sets to
data
psychology produce
about a novel
individual perceptions,
reliably recording their observations (can be naturalistic or controlled)
What are the advantages/disadvantages of interviews? Advantages:
experiences, flexibility
analysis/conclusion to askby
and behaviors different
guidingquestions and more detailed data
a verbal conversation.
Studies behaviors least affected by measurement process (cognitive behaviors are more
What is systematic observation? Involves one or time
Disadvantages: moreconsuming
observers,and observing
interviewerevents or behaviors
effects (biases) as they occur, and
Question:
What
How is archival
does
Systematic data? work
interviewing
observations tendintodata
havecollection?
high _______ validity? Answer: Researchers
The researcher
Internal
objectively usecollects
testableexisting information
thanrich, in-depth
biological and data sets
qualitative
behaviors) to produce
data a novel perceptions,
about individual
reliably recording their observations (can be naturalistic or controlled)
What are the advantages/disadvantages of interviews? Advantages: flexibility
analysis/conclusion
experiences, to askby
and behaviors different
guidingquestions and more detailed data
a verbal conversation.
Studies behaviors least affected by measurement process (cognitive behaviors are more
What is systematic observation? Involves one or time
Disadvantages: moreconsuming
observers,and observing
interviewerevents or behaviors
effects (biases) as they occur, and
What is archival
Systematic data? tend to have high _______ validity?
observations Researchers
Internal
objectively use existing
testable than information and data sets to produce a novel
biological behaviors)
reliably recording their observations (can be naturalistic or controlled)
What are the advantages/disadvantages of interviews? Advantages: flexibility to ask different questions and more detailed data
analysis/conclusion
Studies behaviors least affected by measurement process (cognitive behaviors are more
What is systematic observation? Involves one or time
Disadvantages: moreconsuming
observers,and observing
interviewerevents or behaviors
effects (biases) as they occur, and
What is archival
Systematic data? tend to have high _______ validity?
observations Researchers
Internal
objectively use existing
testable than information and data sets to produce a novel
biological behaviors)
reliably recording their observations (can be naturalistic or controlled)
analysis/conclusion
Studies behaviors least affected by measurement process (cognitive behaviors are more
What is systematic observation? Involves one or more observers, observing events or behaviors as they occur, and
What is archival
Systematic data? tend to have high _______ validity?
observations Researchers
Internal use existing
objectively testable than information and data sets to produce a novel
biological behaviors)
Question: Answer: reliably recording their observations (can be naturalistic or controlled)
analysis/conclusion
Studies behaviors least affected by measurement process (cognitive behaviors are more
What is archival
Systematic data? tend to have high _______ validity?
observations Researchers
Internal
objectively use existing
testable than information and data sets to produce a novel
biological behaviors)
analysis/conclusion
What is archival
Systematic data? tend to have high _______ validity?
observations Researchers use existing information and data sets to produce a novel
Internal
Question: Answer:
analysis/conclusion
What is archival data? Researchers use existing information and data sets to produce a novel
analysis/conclusion
Question: Answer:
What is content analysis? An analysis of something said or written (transcript, written document, recording) that
requires no interaction between the participant and researcher.
What is an operational definition? A clear, exact description of how a researcher measures or manipulates a variable in a
study (turns vague concepts like "aggression" and "happiness" into concrete behaviors
that can be observed)
