PSYCH 6383 DQ 1.2 Post 4 | Psychology Discussion Assignment Study Guide

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DQ 1.2 Post 4
A combination of psychosocial stressors, mental health conditions, and environmental risk
factors typically precede adolescent suicide attempts. Research identifies major depressive
disorder, anxiety disorders, and substance use as leading clinical antecedents (Nock et al.,
2013). Previous self-harm, which is also a predictor of future attempts, often reflects
underlying emotion-regulation difficulties (Hawton et al., 2012). Environmental stressors —
including bullying, relationship conflict, family dysfunction, trauma exposure, and LGBTQ+-
related stigma — also substantially elevate risk (CDC, 2024).

Life events such as parental separation, academic failure, or legal problems may trigger crises
in teens already experiencing mental health vulnerability (Bridge et al., 2015). Access to
lethal means, especially firearms or toxic medications, significantly increases the likelihood
that an attempt becomes fatal (Miller & Hemenway, 2008).

Mitigating these risks requires multilayered prevention. Evidence supports cognitive-
behavioural and family-based therapies, which improve coping skills and communication
patterns (Asarnow et al., 2011). School-based programs that strengthen social connectedness
and teach help-seeking skills reduce suicidal ideation and attempts (Wyman et al., 2010). At a
population level, means-safety strategies, such as secure firearm and medication storage, are
strongly protective (Stanley et al., 2018). Supportive relationships, follow-up care after crises,
and reducing stigma around mental health further buffer adolescents against escalating
distress.

[WC 200]

References
Asarnow, J. R., Porta, G., & Spirito, A., et al. (2011). Suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-
injury in the treatment of resistant depression in adolescents: Findings from the TORDIA
study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 50(8), 772-781. 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.04.003
Bridge, J. A., Asti, L., & Horowitz, L. M., et al. (2015). Suicide trends among elementary
school-aged children in the United States from 1993 to 2012. JAMA Pediatr, 169(7), 673-
677. 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0465
Hawton, K., Saunders, K. E., & O’Connor, R. C. (2012). Self-harm and suicide in
adolescents. Lancet, 379(9834), 2373-2382. 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60322-5
Miller, M., & Hemenway, D. (2008). Guns and suicide in the United States. N Engl J
Med, 359(10), 989-991. 10.1056/nejmp0805923
Nock, M. K., Green, J. G., & Hwang, I., et al. (2013). Prevalence, correlates, and treatment of
lifetime suicidal behavior among adolescents: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey
Replication Adolescent Supplement. JAMA Psychiatry, 70(3), 300-
310. 10.1001/2013.jamapsychiatry.55
Stanley, B., Brown, G. K., & Brenner, L. A., et al. (2018). Comparison of the safety planning
intervention with follow-up vs usual care of suicidal patients treated in the emergency
department. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(9), 894-900. 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1776
U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. (2024, October 24). Youth risk
behavior surveillance system. cdc.gov. https://www.cdc.gov/yrbs/results/index.html



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